Geophone Detection of Subterranean Termite and Ant Activity
原文：
ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGIES THAT HAVE been applied successfully
for detection of subterranean insects primarily
use accelerometers or acoustic sensors to detect
soil-borne vibrations (Mankin et al. 2000). Geophones,
however, are the most commonly used sensors
for detection of seismic activity because of their
high sensitivity to 0.3-kHz signals that travel long
distances underground (Lay and Wallace 1995, Paine
2003). Geophones also have been used to study communication
and foraging behavior in subterranean
vertebrates (Narins et al. 1997) and communication in
Gryllotalpa major (Sassure) (Hill and Shadley 1997).
Accelerometers are preferred over geophones for
most soil insect detection applications because they
have better sensitivities and lower noise ßoors at frequencies
0.5 kHz (Sleefe and Engler 1991), where
subterranean insect sounds typically have their greatest
energy (Mankin et al. 2000). However, because the
weak, low-frequency sounds produced by individual
ants (Spangler 1967) or small groups of ants and other
low-weight insects (Mankin et al. 2000, 2001) have a
signiÞcant fraction of energy below 0.5 kHz, geophones
might be able to detect them over greater
distances than accelerometers in some applications.
Weak insect-produced sounds are less likely to be
masked by background noises in desert areas and
other locations that are remote from urban sources of
vibration background noise; consequently, geophones
would be expected to have utility for detecting and
monitoring small insects in such areas.
译文：
基于测震仪和声学传感器对土壤震动的监测技术，声学技术已经成功地用于监测地下昆虫 ( Mankin et al. 2000)。地震检波器普遍被用于监测地震活动，这是因为地震检波器中用于监测这一活动的传感器对来自地下远距离的＜0.3kHz的信号十分敏感(Lay and Wallace 1995, Paine.2003)。地震检波器还被用于研究地下脊椎动物的交流和觅食活动(Narins et al. 1997)以及骷髅虫的信息交换(Hill and Shadley 1997).
测震仪主要用于土壤昆虫的监测方面的应用，因为测震仪对低噪声中频率＞0.5kHz的的信号更加敏感(Sleefe and Engler 1991)，这一范围是地下明显是昆虫最大发声能力范围(Mankin et al. 2000)。由于这些弱音、低频声是由个体昆虫(Spangler 1967)或者是小部分蚂蚁和其他低重量昆虫(Mankin et al. 2000, 2001)发出的，所以声音主要都在＜0.5kHz的范围内，如此看来在某些应用中地震检波器比测震仪的监测范围要广一些。昆虫的弱音在安静环境下或者是远离城市的地区应该不会被环境噪音所掩盖，因此，在这样的区域内地震检波器可以用来监测和检测小昆虫的活动。
