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| 个人信息 |
| 姓 名： |
张译员 [编号]:651 |
性 别： |
女 |
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| 擅长专业： |
计算机类（软件工程） |
出生年月： |
1983/11/1 |
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| 民 族： |
汉族 |
所在地区： |
北京 北京 |
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| 文化程度： |
硕士 |
所学专业： |
软件工程 |
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| 毕业时间： |
40024 |
毕业学校： |
北京理工大学 |
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| 第一外语： |
英语 |
等级水平： |
CATTI笔译3级 |
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| 口译等级： |
入门 |
工作经历： |
1 年 |
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| 翻译库信息 |
| 可翻译语种： |
英语 |
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| 目前所在地： |
北京 北京 |
| 可提供服务类型： |
笔译 |
| 每周可提供服务时间： |
周三至周五 |
| 证书信息 |
| 证书名称： |
CATTI |
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| 获证时间： |
2009/7/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
未知 |
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| 工作经历 |
| 工作时期： |
2009/4/1--2009/5/1 |
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| 公司名称： |
大地CMC电脑制作有限公司 |
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| 公司性质： |
外商独资 |
| 所属行业： |
翻译 |
| 所在部门： |
营业部系统开发室 |
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| 职位： |
兼职翻译 |
| 自我评价： |
负责汽车维修手册中视听系统章节的的翻译（中译英）和校对工作
能迅速融入项目，掌握项目开发规范
工作积极主动，获得社长和项目成员的一致肯定 |
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| 笔译案例信息 |
| 案例标题： |
一汽安全提示 |
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| 原文： |
①在驾驶席脚部位置、座椅下不要放置物品
当留有空罐时，容易夹在制动踏板和油门踏板下，导致无法
踩制动踏板和油门踏板等，造成意外事故。
②在通风不好的环境下不要长时间运转发动机
车库等通风不好的场所，容易导致排气聚集，导致一氧化碳
(CO)中毒，造成严重人员伤害甚至死亡。
③ 考虑您孩子的安全
离开车时，请不要把孩子单独留在车内。
④ 安全带
行驶时要系好安全带，这样在急刹车或发生事故时能够得
到保护。
⑤ 驾驶时的忠告
驾驶过程中，请不要操作DVD语音电子导航系统、音响、空
调系统控制器以及手机。
⑥ 自动排档的使用
在起动发动机、发动机制动、倒车或进行右脚操作时，要注
意自动排档的使用。
⑦ 其它：
·关于驻车制动踏板
初期制动时有声响，这表明车辆在正常运作，请不要担
心；另外，在紧急制动时，引起了ABS的启动，会感到制
动踏板在震动，但这对车的性能是没有丝毫影响的。
·关于空调系统
当空调系统以内循环方式运转时，多少会伴有一些异味，
此时，请使用空调系统的外循环方式;另外，在前风挡玻
璃起雾时，请使用除雾器或空调系统的暖风功能。
·关于轮胎
因为是根据中国的道路情况而特别设计的，所以悬架系统
及其周围的刚性设计比较强。
安全指南
1 |
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| 译文： |
Safety Tips from FAW
①Never place anything near the foot brake pedal or under the driver’s seat.
Empty tins can easily be stuck under the foot brake or accelerator pedal, thus causing accident due to misapplying of the foot brake or of the accelerator.
②Do NOT set the engine on going for a long time when it’s unventilated.
Unventilated places say a garage may easily gather the exhausts, thus causing healthy harms or even deaths due to CO poisoning.
③Consider the safety of your children.
Do NOT leave your children in the car without the company of an adult.
④ Safety belt
Fasten the safety belt when you are driving, it will do goods on the occasion of sudden brakes or if accident occurs.
⑤ Drive tips
Do NOT operate the voice navigation system, stereo, air conditioner or your cell phone during the drive.
⑥ Using the Automatic Transmission
Use the AT when starting the engine, applying the brake, reversing, or operating with your right foot.
⑦ Others
•Parking Brake System About
Ignore the noises generated at the beginning of applying the brake, they indicate the vehicle functions well. In addition, the brake pedal will tremble due to the launch of ABS when applying sudden brake, but this will do nothing negative to the function of the vehicle.
•Air Conditioner About
There may be somewhat peculiar smell when the air conditioner is functioning at the internally circulating mood, switching to the externally mood will solve the problem. In addition, use the defogger or heating function of air conditioning when the front screen frosts.
•Tyre About
The suspension system is specially designed according to the road conditions of China, thus is rigid enough to prevent shocks the road creates.
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| 案例标题： |
Automobile |
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| 原文： |
1、Interior design
Under the concept of creating a roomy interior space that combines “excitement with serenity”,
the interior design expresses the presence of the LEXUS flagship SUV.
2、Instrument Panel
The instrument panel features a center portion that has a flat feel, a woodgrain panel that has a
thick feel, and a link to the door trim. It also expresses luxuriousness with a generous surface and
leather-covered knee pads at each side of the center cluster.
3、Warm up the engine, stop the engine and wait 5 minutes. The engine oil level should be
between the dipstick low level mark and full level mark.
If low, check for leakage and add oil up to the full level mark.
NOTICE:
Do not fill engine oil above the full level mark. |
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| 译文： |
1. 轿箱内部设计
本着为驾驶者创造一个宽敞的车内空间的理念，雷克萨斯在轿箱内部设计上将宁静与激情融合，体现出这款雷克萨斯旗舰SUV的风采。
2. 仪表板
汽车仪表板是内装的重心，散发着一种内敛的气质，木材纹理体现出一种厚重感，同时和汽车门内饰板相辉映。中心表盘宽阔的板面和两侧的皮质膝垫也张显着她的奢华。
3. 发动引擎，然后熄火后等待5分钟。这时，机油的油位应该处于量油尺的低油位线标记和满油标记线之间。
如果油位在低油位线标记之下，检查是否存在漏油现象，然后将机油加至满油标记线。
注意：加油请勿超过满油标记线。
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| 案例标题： |
From Nothing, to Monumental, to Agile |
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| 原文： |
Most software development is a chaotic activity, often characterized by the phrase "code and fix". The software is written without much of an underlying plan, and the design of the system is cobbled together from many short term decisions. This actually works pretty well as the system is small, but as the system grows it becomes increasingly difficult to add new features to the system. Furthermore bugs become increasingly prevalent and increasingly difficult to fix.
A typical sign of such a system is a long test phase after the system is "feature complete". Such a long test phase plays havoc with schedules as testing and debugging is impossible to schedule.
The original movement to try to change this introduced the notion of methodology. These methodologies impose a disciplined process upon software development with the aim of making software development more predictable and more efficient. They do this by developing a detailed process with a strong emphasis on planning inspired by other engineering
disciplines - which is why I like to refer to them as engineering methodologies (another widely used term for them is plan-driven methodologies).
Engineering methodologies have been around for a long time. They've not been noticeable for being terribly successful. They are even less noted for being popular. The most frequent criticism of these methodologies is that they are bureaucratic. There's so much stuff to do to follow the methodology that the whole pace of development slows down.
Agile methodologies developed as a reaction to these methodologies. For many people the appeal of these agile methodologies is their reaction to the bureaucracy of the engineering methodologies. These new methods attempt a useful compromise between no process and too much process, providing just enough process to gain a reasonable payoff.
The result of all of this is that agile methods have some significant changes in emphasis from engineering methods. The most immediate difference is that they are less document oriented,
usually emphasizing a smaller amount of documentation for a given task. In many ways they are rather code-oriented: following a route that says that the key part of documentation is source code.
However I don't think this is the key point about agile methods. Lack of documentation is a symptom of two much deeper differences:
• Agile methods are adaptive rather than predictive. Engineering methods tend to try to plan out a large part of the software process in great detail for a long span of time, this works well until things change. So their nature is to resist change. The agile methods, however, welcome change. They try to be processes that adapt and thrive on change, even to the point of changing themselves.
• Agile methods are people-oriented rather than process-oriented. The goal of engineering methods is to define a process that will work well whoever happens to be using it. Agile methods assert that no process will ever make up the skill of the development team, so the role of a process is to support the development team in their work.
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| 译文： |
从无到有，然后敏捷
绝大多数软件开发过程可以用混乱来形容，而且，通常是能以编码和修改bug这两个阶段概括。（跳过）确实，当待开发软件的规模较小时，这种开发方法是可行的。然而，随着软件规模的增长，给软件增加新的特性就变得越来越困难。另外，Bugs也会变得越来越（prevalent），越来越难以修复。
以这种软件开发过程开发软件，最典型的一个就是当满足系统的所有的特性需求后，常常伴随着一个相当长的测试阶段，从而无法继续推进测试和修复bugs工作。
最初，人们引入了方法论的概念来改善这种状况。这些方法旨在规范软件开发过程，从而使软件开发变得更容易掌控，更加高效。引入方法论是受到其他工程领域规范的启发，通过制定详细的软件开发进度来实现目的，并且十分注重计划的作用。其他工程领域规范，我倾向于称其为工程方法论（也被广泛的称为计划驱动的方法论）。
工程方法论从出现到现在已有相当一段时间了。但是，人们还没有意识到其成功之处。甚至，人们也没有注意到她的应用已经很广泛了。针对方法论的批评绝大多是指责她太过庞大繁琐。他们认为，按照方法论来开发软件，整个开发过程需要考虑和跟进的事情太多，从而使开发进度变得相当缓慢。
敏捷软件开发应运而生了。对很多人来讲，敏捷开发方法最具吸引力的是其对工程方法 论的简化。敏捷开发方法在零过程和太多过程之间取到了平衡点，不仅开发过程简洁，更重要的是开发结果令人满意。
敏捷开发方法能做到精简敏捷，是因为她和工程方法论关注的重点不同。最显而易见的区别在于：对于一项指定工作项，敏捷开发方法通常只关注较少的文档。更多情况下，敏捷开发方法是以代码为导向，或者说，对敏捷开发方法而言，源代码才是最重要的文档。
但是，我并不认为这是敏捷开发方法的重点所在。比起较少的文档，敏捷开发方法还有两个更深层次的特点：
敏捷开发方法对变化具有很强的适应性。工程方法论倾向于为较长的一段时间制定出详细的软件开发计划，这种方法是可行的，但是当发生变化时，工程方法论就丧失应有的作用。因此可以说，工程方法论不能很好的适应变化。然而，敏捷开发方法能适应变化，对变化有很好的适应性，甚至敏捷开发方法本身就具有能适应变化的特点。
敏捷开发方法不是以过程为导向，而是以人为导向。工程方法论的目标是规范出一个开发过程，从而无论谁参与到这个过程中，开发过程都能很好的推进。敏捷开发方法认为，任何规范出来的开发过程都无法取代开发团队的能力，开发过程的作用是给开发团队提供必要支持。
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| 案例标题： |
老牌巨头重组日显疲态 华为中兴修改电信版图 |
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| 原文： |
至少从目前来看，曾被寄予厚望的３Ｇ大馅饼，倒更像一个“陷阱”。有数据显示，目前全球３Ｇ用户仍然不到２Ｇ用户的１０％，而全球超过７０％移动用户依旧在使用ＧＳＭ服务。
３Ｇ运营市场未如预想中爆发已在实实在在地影响到全球电信设备市场的格局：爱立信继续在重重压力中继续保持无线设备霸主地位﹔诺基亚－西门子、阿尔卡特－朗讯受困于重组后的整合﹔北电、摩托罗拉在被边缘化后不得不它处突围﹔而华为和中兴这两家中国设备商则四处逡巡。
从２Ｇ到３Ｇ的时间差，恰给中兴华为提供了改写电信版图的机会。而在等候全球３Ｇ市场成熟的过程中，电信设备业格局已悄然嬗变。
本报记者获悉的中国移动ＧＳＭ集中采购的招标结果，或许并不仅仅只是一个偶然的、局部的事件。
“这仍然是一个群雄逐鹿的时代，只不过参与者已经物是人非。”１０月２２日，对于电信设备行业的显著变局，某设备商人士如此感慨。
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Telecom industrial restructuring makes the long-standing big names tired while HUAWEI and ZTE are busy with taking in more market share
View from present at least, 3G, which had been placed great expectations on, is more like a snare than a pie. Statistics showed that current 3G user around the globe is still 90%+ less than that of 2G users. Meanwhile, more than 70% of the mobile users around the world are still stick to GSM services.
The 3G operation market is not as blossom as expectation has already truly changed the layout of the globe telecom equipment market. Ericsson remains the leading standing in wireless equipments, Nokia-Siemens Networks and ALU (ALA - LU) are busy with integrations after their respective restructuring, Nortel and Motorola are seeking new opportunities to break through after they were both been fringed, at the same time, HUAWEI and ZTE, Chinese company both, are busy with taking in more market share.
The time lag produced by transformation from 2G to 3G happened providing the very opportunity for both HUAWEI and ZTE to taking more market share. Consequently, the layout of telecom equipment industry has changed when the world 3G market is on its way to maturity.
The bidding result for China Mobile’s GSM contract that through centralized purchasing which got by the reporters may be not only an accidental and partial event.
“The competitions, as severe as that in the "Warrior Period", still continue, only the competitors participate in mostly are not the former ones.” Viewing the significant changes in telecom equipment industry, sighed an equipment businessman on the 22nd of October.
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| 案例标题： |
Exchange rate pass-through in Mainland China |
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| 原文： |
With persistent inflationary pressures since the second half of 2007 in Mainland China, renminbi appreciation has been increasingly advocated as a means of helping to curb inflation. The effectiveness of appreciation in controlling inflation depends on the impact of exchange rate movements on import and domestic prices. Our analysis finds fairly large and speedy exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to import prices – 50% and 60% for the short and long run respectively, but the degree of ERPT decreases along the price chain from upstream to downstream prices. ERPT for consumer prices – the most downstream prices – is much milder and has substantial lags. A 10% rise in the nominal effective exchange rate will dampen consumer prices by 1.1% within a year with very little pass-through in the first half year, and 2.0% over the long run.
These findings, particularly the ERPT to consumer prices, suggest that renminbi appreciation can help to reduce inflationary pressures over the longer term. However, it is unlikely to provide rapid relief to the current round of high inflation due to the long lags in ERPT. Also important is that the renminbi needs to strengthen in effective terms in order to exert the desired dampening impact on prices.
In Equation (1), the variables are in year-on-year percentage changes as indicated by . The estimation can only be undertaken using variables in year-on-year changes as most of the Mainland price series are published as such without level series. Unlike the majority of the studies which tend to focus on import and consumer prices, we investigate ERPT to a range of domestic prices along the price chain, including import, purchasing, producer, retail and consumer prices. Among the domestic prices, China’s purchasing prices are the most upstream, measuring the costs paid by firms for production inputs such as raw materials, fuels and power. The next down the price chain is producer prices which measure those of industrial products when they are sold for the first time after production. Retail and consumer prices represent the most downstream prices, the difference between the two being that the former excludes consumption of most services.
Among the explanatory variables, er is the nominal effective exchange rate calculated as the trade-weighted average of the exchange rates of China’s major trading partners. Control variables include foreign prices (fp), commodity prices (comp) and domestic demand (dd). Foreign prices are calculated as the weighted average of consumer prices of China’s major trading partners. |
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| 译文： |
由于中国大陆自2007年下半年以来通胀带来的持续不断的压力，主张将人民币升值作为抑制通胀手段的呼声越来越高。货币升值对抑制通胀的效果取决于汇率变动对进口价格和国内价格的影响。本刊分析家发现，大规模、快速的外汇传导（ERPT）效应在短期和长期上会使进口价格分别降低50和60个百分点。但是，外汇传导机制的调节作用自价格链的上游到下游而逐渐减小。外汇传导对消费价格 —— 最下游的价格——的影响就缓和的多，并且有相当的时滞。名义实际汇率增长1个百分点，传导效应在第一年仅能使消费价格下降1.1个百分点，并且头半年的效果会非常微弱，但从长期来看，这个数字能达到2个百分点。
这些研究结果，尤其是外汇传导与消费价格之间的关系，说明了从长远利益来看，人民币升值有助于缓解通胀压力。然而，由于外汇传导效应起作用有相当的时滞，所以注定了想要迅速缓解这一轮的高通胀压力是不大可能的。另外，同样重要的是，人民币必须增强其实际汇率，从而实现降低消费价格的预期愿望。
等式（1）中，各变量以年为变化单位。估算结果也只能在这种情况下得出，因为中国内地发布的绝大多数价格序列正是如此。不同于绝大多数研究，我们的研究关注不是进口价格和消费价格，而是围绕价格链，在国内价格范围内来研究和分析外汇传导效应，包括进口价格，收购价格，生产价格，零售价格和消费价格。其中，收购价格在中国处于最上游，它决定了企业在生产投入上的成本，如购买原材料，燃料，电力等。价格链中紧随收购价格之后的是生产价格，它是工业产品生产出来之后的第一次卖出价格。零售价格和消费价格都属于最下游价格，两者的不同在于，零售价格不包括绝大多服务性消费。
在所有解释变量中，er表示名义实际汇率，用来估算中国与主要贸易伙伴之间的贸易加权平均汇率。控制变量包括国外价格（foreign price, fp），商品价格（commodity prices, comp）和国内需求（domestic demand, dd）。其中，国外价格用来估算中国与主要贸易伙伴之间的贸易加权平均消费价格。
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