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| 个人信息 |
| 姓 名： |
林译员 [编号]:2689 |
性 别： |
女 |
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| 擅长专业： |
服装电子 |
出生年月： |
1987/10/1 |
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| 民 族： |
汉族 |
所在地区： |
江苏 无锡 |
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| 文化程度： |
本科 |
所学专业： |
英德双语 |
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| 毕业时间： |
2010 |
毕业学校： |
吉林华侨外国语学院 |
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| 第一外语： |
英语 |
等级水平： |
专业八级 |
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| 口译等级： |
中级 |
工作经历： |
1 年 |
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| 翻译库信息 |
| 可翻译语种： |
英语、德语 |
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| 目前所在地： |
江苏 无锡 |
| 可提供服务类型： |
笔译、口译 |
| 每周可提供服务时间： |
周一至周日晚上 |
| 证书信息 |
| 证书名称： |
TEM8 |
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| 获证时间： |
2009/4/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
74 |
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| 证书名称： |
TEM8(spoken) |
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| 获证时间： |
2008/12/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
合格 |
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| 证书名称： |
商务英语翻译证书 |
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| 获证时间： |
2008/4/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
A |
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| 证书名称： |
英语专业八级证书 |
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| 获证时间： |
2009/6/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
合格 |
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| 工作经历 |
| 工作时期： |
2009/1/1--2009/3/1 |
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| 公司名称： |
谷德维斯纺织品有限公司 |
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| 公司性质： |
民营企业 |
| 所属行业： |
采购/贸易 |
| 所在部门： |
业务部 |
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| 职位： |
助理 |
| 自我评价： |
自信有责任心做事仔细认真 |
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| 笔译案例信息 |
| 案例标题： |
Gene therapy deserves a fresh chance |
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| 原文： |
Gene therapy deserves a fresh chance
Initial interest in gene therapy waned after the technology failed to live up to expectation. Progress made
since has received little attention, but suggests that the pervading sense of disillusionment is misplaced.
In the early 1990s, when the first human trials got under way, it
seemed to many that the era of gene therapy was at hand: the techniques
of modern molecular biotechnology would make it possible
to repair genetic defects by inserting healthy DNA directly
into a patient’s cells. The excitement was short-lived. Lasting effects
proved difficult to obtain in early trials, and the community quickly
grew sceptical. Then, in 2003, when it was announced that several
gene-therapy patients in a Paris-based clinical trial had developed
leukaemia, and that one of them had died, the mood became
bleak. Subsequent reports of successful and effective gene-therapy
trials have done little to lift the prevailing sense of doom. For most
researchers, gene therapy now seems like a dead end.
But it doesn’t have to be a dead end — not if scientists shift their
perspective on the risks of gene therapy to be more in line with that
of clinicians.
Scientists are trained to focus on understanding the systems that
they study in great detail. And when they devise therapeutic interventions
— for example, harnessing a viral shell to insert a therapeutic
gene into a patient’s DNA — they naturally want those systems to
be engineered with equally great care, and for them to be as near to
risk-free perfection as possible.
Clinicians, by contrast, care for real patients in real time, which
makes treatment decisions a matter of pragmatism. How do the
risks stack up against the benefits for each available alternative
— given that the risks are never zero? Clinicians are certainly not
cavalier about their patients’ well-being, but they may well end up
prescribing a therapy that has a poorly understood mechanism and
potentially large side effects because it gives the patient the best
odds of recovery or survival. If they — and patients — had shied
away from such dangers in the past, life-saving interventions such
as organ grafts and bone-marrow transplants might never have
been developed.
From that perspective, the fact that, collectively, the Paris trial
and others carried out since have produced positive results in some
20 patients out of a total of two dozen looms at least as large as the
handful of leukaemia cases. To clinicians, such results suggest a treatment
that is risky, but potentially life-saving — a new option for people
for whom there are no alternatives.
However, this was not the view that prevailed. When the viral
delivery vehicle itself turned out to be
responsible for the leukaemia cases in
the Paris trial, scientists deemed the
trial a failure. Bad press ensued, proposals
for gene-therapy clinical trials
came under increased regulatory
scrutiny and standards for demonstrating safety were set higher
than for other approaches. Unsurprisingly in such a climate, the
biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries gradually dropped
out of the gene-therapy pursuit. This corporate disinterest slowed
clinical progress: academic centres are ill-equipped to make genetherapy
vectors of clinical grade and scale, and research funding is
typically insufficient to support clinical trials. More insidiously, it
has become harder to recruit young talent to a field that is perceived
as falling short of its promises.
To reverse this trend, it is time for researchers and industry to
refresh their perspective on gene therapy and to consider its successes
with as much intensity as its setbacks. The focus on adverse
events has had positive consequences: researchers dissected the exact
molecular mechanisms that led to cancer, designed better vectors,
devised animal models to test these vectors and developed sophisticated
assays for monitoring patients. As a result, both scientists
and clinicians now have a battery of extraordinarily refined tools
for preclinical and clinical studies of gene therapy. The field is ripe
for further successes. ■ |
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| 译文： |
基因治疗：一个治疗疾病的新机遇
由于基因技术最初达不到预期的治疗效果，人们便逐渐对其丧失兴趣，很少关注其之后的进展。但之后的研究进展表明人们对基因技术所持的这种态度是不正确的。
20世纪90年代早期，许多人认为第一批人体试验的进行预示着基因治疗时代的到来：现代分子生物技术学技术使人们可以通过将健康的DNA直接插入病人细胞内来修复基因缺陷。然而这种兴奋持续的时间很短，因为早期试验很难证明这种治疗可以取得持久稳定的效果。随之这个领域很快遭到了质疑。之后2003年在巴黎开展的临床试验中，一些病人因为使用了基因治疗而发展成为白血病，进而导致其中一人死亡。这使研究人员的心情更加沮丧。随后关于基因治疗成功有效的报告对于扭转先前的负面认识效果甚微。许多研究人员认为，基因治疗就是一个死胡同。
但是只要科学家们和临床医生们对于基因治疗的风险的的看法保持一致，基因治疗就不会变成死胡同-，。
科学家们把全部精力用在理解他们详细研究的这个系统。当他们想出诸如利用病毒外壳将治疗基因插入病人DNA这种介入治疗方法的同时，也很自然的想要把这些方法设计的更加的精细使之尽可能的无风险并达到完美。
相比之下，临床医生关心的是病人的安危，他们是基于实用效果来做治疗决定的。对于每种可替代的治疗方法，鉴于风险不可能零存在，如何权衡其风险与利处呢？临床医生当然不会疏忽他们病人的健康，但是却很有可能使用一种机理不明并且有很大潜在副作用的治疗方法，因为这种治疗方法病人康复或存活的几率最大。如果之前将医生和病人们与这些风险隔离，人们将永远不会研究出诸如器官移植、骨髓移植等挽救生命的介入治疗方法。
从这点来说，巴黎在2003年及此后各国开展的临床试验中从大约24个病人中的20个病人身上取得了积极的效果。这个事实至少应该持平少数的白血病病例造成的负面影响。对于临床医生而言，这些结果表明了在别无选择的情况下，可以选择这种有风险但却可以挽救生命的治疗方法。然而，这并不是时下流行的观点。在巴黎临床试验中，当病毒传送载体结果证明基因治疗导致了白血病的产生时，科学家们认为临床试验失败惨重。坏消息的报道接踵而来，基因治疗临床试验的提议受到了更严格的的管理监督，安全示范标准比其他方法设置的都要高。在这种大背景下，生物技术和制药行业便逐渐丧失了对基因治疗方法的兴趣，这在一定程度上减缓了临床的进展：学术中心没有条件也没有能力制造临床级别和规模的载体，而且研究经费通常不足以支持临床试验。更糟糕的是，在大家普遍认为这一领域缺乏前景的情况下，很难为其招募青年人才。
为了扭转这一趋势，研究人员及该行业相关人员觉得是时候来重新审视基因治疗方法的利与弊了：研究人员剖析了致癌的精确分子机制，设计出了更好的载体，制造出动物模型来测试这些载体，同时发明了检测病人的精尖仪器。至此，无论科学家还是临床医生，都有一套非常精致的工具手段用于基因治疗的临床前和临床研究。该研究为进一步的成功奠定了基础。 |
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| 案例标题： |
何谓华人？ |
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| 原文： |
何谓华人？
散居在中国以外的华人是多样化的：他们来自中国不同的地区、说不同的方言、追随不同的风俗习惯。华裔馆举办这个“何谓华人”展览，目的就在探索这个多样性及华人在海外经历了年代岁月所产生的变化，并尝试回答“华人素质是否可以衡量”这个问题。
通过摆设在七个陈列室的图片与文物，我们尝试了解移居世界各地、不同时代的华人。展览从“自我”“其他华人”、和“跨越华人”这三个视角进行观察和比照，找出身为华人的定义，并籍此说明，将华人分成简单的类型已不足以正确、完满地分析这个复杂的问题。
从自我的视角，我们看到以往华人如何从照相馆所拍的照片，表现出他们最想别人看到的形象。然而，别人不一定会用同样的的眼光看待华人。从西方的讽喻漫画和电影剧照中，我们就可以看到一些被扭曲了的华人形象。
从个人的视角，我们进入第二部分，看到华人与其他华人之间的比照。华人移民的身份认同有两大轴心，一是“地方”、一是“国家”。
“地方意识”。不管华人移民到世界哪个角落，他们往往牵挂着家乡的亲人。海外华人特地在家乡所建造的华丽大屋就是这种地方认同的象征。不少华人在海外去世后，其墓碑上还是会注明他来自哪个省、县、镇、村。
“国家意识”。二十世纪初，一个超越“地方”，团结中国人的身份认同逐渐地形成。展览用裱在四个陈列室的两个年表来阐明这个历史过程。一个描述在中国发生的重大政治事件，另一个则解说海外华人如何影响这个民族主义的号召。
华人移民的历史漫长，跨越四海，他们接触到许多中华以外不用种族的人而面临身份认同的多元选择。在殖民地时期，华人与土著和欧洲人长期接触后产生了综合族类和身份：例如在印尼和马来亚的土生华人和菲华混血儿。从这个跨越华人的第三个视角，我们可以看到各种身份类型的形成。
时空转移，我们已走进了一个现代化，由科技推动，充满流动边界的世界。在这个身份认同的选择一日多元化的时代，我们更难回答“何谓华人？”这个问题。展览通过五位在西方艺术领域有杰出表现的华人的作品，以检视其中的文化多样性，包括华人文化的影响。他们分别是导演李安，画家赵无极和常玉，建筑师贝聿铭，大提琴家马友友。
展览以历史学家王赓武教授的专访作结束。身为海外华人，学术背景跨越东西方的王教授从他个人经历出发，为展览主题作诠释。
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| 译文： |
How to Identify Overseas Chinese?
The overseas Chinese scattered around the world enjoy a great diversity: they come from different areas 、speak various dialects and follow diverse customs.With the aim of exploring this diversity and the changes that has taken place after they have lived abroad for a long time and attempt to answer the question of "whether we can weigh the quality of the overseas Chinese or not", the Chinese Heritage Centre hold the exhibition of "How to Identify Overseas Chinese".
We try to understand the overseas Chinese who emigrated to different places in different times through the pictures and cultural relics exhibited in the seven exhibited rooms. We observe and contrast them from the following three perspectives of " myself as an overseas Chinese " 、"other overseas Chinese" and "overseas Chinese who have multiple identity" in order to find the definition of overseas Chinese and further illustrate that it is wrong and inadequate to analyse this complex problem by simply dividing the overseas Chinese into various types.
From the perspective of " myself as an overseas Chinese ", we can see the overseas Chinese in the past showed their anticipated images through the pictures they took in the photographic studio. However, others may not regard the overseas Chinese in the same way. We can see several distorted overseas Chinese in the western allegorical caricatures and action still.
Then we come to second part and see the contrast between overseas Chinese. We can see it from the following two perspectives; "the sense of birthplace" and "the sense of country".
Firstly, let's talk about "the sense of place". No matter where the overseas Chinese emigrated to, they care about their relatives back at home.The fact that overseas Chinese specially build magnificent building in their hometown is the symbol of this "sense of birthplace". Many overseas Chinese engraved on their gravestone the province ,county 、town and even village that they came from after they died abroad.
Then we come to "the sense of country". In the beginning of twenties, the identity that beyond the sense of birthplace and unite the overseas Chinese has gradually formed. The exhibition illustrate this historical process through the two chronological tables exhibited in the four exhibition rooms. One describes the important events that happened in china .The other illustrates how overseas Chinese effect the call of nationalism.
The emigrated overseas Chinese have a long history across the four seas. After encountering different race , they face multiple identity choices.During the colonial period, after long-term encounter, the overseas Chinese has formed an integrated race and identity: For example, the overseas Chinese born in Indonesia and Malaysia and the Philippine-Chinese half-breed. From this perspective of "overseas Chinese who have multiple identities" , we can see various identity types has formed.
Now, time is different. We have entered a modern world which is drove by technology and have a lot of flow boundaries. In this times of increasing multiple identities , it is difficult for us to answer the question of "how to identify overseas Chinese?".This exhibition show the culture diversity including the effect of overseas Chinese through the five prominent persons who have done very well in the western art area . They are : film director Ang Lee, painter Zhao Wuji and Changyu, architect I.M.Pei and cellist YOyo Ma.
The exhibition conclude with the exclusive interview of historian professor Wang Gungwu who as an oversea Chinese with an eastern and western academic background interpreted the theme of this exhibition basing on his personal experience. |
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| 案例标题： |
Following Trash and Recyclables on Their Journey |
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| 原文： |
Following Trash and Recyclables on Their Journey
By MIREYA NAVARRO
Published: September 16, 2009
Where does all the trash go?
Karin Landsberg, 42, a self-described “eco-geek” in Seattle, was so curious that she invited researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology into her home last month to fish 12 items out of her garbage and recycling bins — a can of beans, a compact fluorescent light bulb — and tag them with small electronic tracking devices.
Her trash is now on its journey to the place where it goes to die or be reborn.
The Architectural League of New York went through a similar trash-tagging exercise as part of the same project when it moved its offices from midtown Manhattan to SoHo two weeks ago. Among the discarded items tagged were a coffee cup, a filing cabinet, a book shelf, a broken wine glass and an empty plastic bottle that had held liquid soap.
“All they can tell me up to this point is that some of the stuff has gone through the Lincoln Tunnel,” said Gregory Wessner, director of digital programs and exhibitions for the league. “It is on the move. We’re really excited to know what happens.”
Through the project, overseen by M.I.T.’s Senseable City Laboratory, 3,000 common pieces of garbage, mostly from Seattle, are to be tracked through the waste disposal system over the next three months. The researchers will display the routes in real time online and in exhibitions opening at the Architectural League of New York on Thursday and the Seattle Public Library on Saturday.
One purpose of the project, said Carlo Ratti, director of the lab, is to give people a concrete sense of their impact on the environment in a way that might lead them to change their habits.
“If you see where a plastic bottle ends up, a few miles down the road in a dump, you may want to get tap water or some other container for the water,” Mr. Ratti said.
Collecting, transporting, storing and getting rid of garbage is a costly and often daunting task for cities. Lynn Brown, a spokeswoman for Waste Management Inc., a company that runs both landfills and recycling centers nationwide and is helping to underwrite the tracking project with $300,000, said garbage moved through a vast network of sites run by multiple contractors, which makes it challenging to find the most efficient way to handle it.
It also means hundreds of possible journeys for trash.
“From a logistics standpoint, it’s a very complicated situation,” Ms. Brown said. “When you look at how waste is handled in different cities, it’s like snowflakes. It’s all different.”
Other factors are also in play in the travel of recyclables like metal and plastic. Among them are price fluctuations that may make it cheaper for a company to ditch items than to recycle them, contamination that makes a can or paper useless, and human error in sorting or transporting material.
Even when an item is headed where it is supposed to go, “does it fall off the boat, or truck, or whatever?” said Ms. Landsberg, a transportation planner for Washington State. “Is the stuff actually made into something useful in this country? Does it all end up shredded and shipped to China, where who knows what happens to it?”
To answer some of those questions, the M.I.T. team is using battery-powered tags based on cellphone technology.
The researchers say it will take several months to analyze the data generated by the cellular signals. But they have already noticed that while some trash reaches its destination in a couple of days, other items may take four or five weeks to wind their way to landfills or recycling and waste processing plants.
In Seattle, where researchers recruited volunteers for the project through the Seattle Public Library’s Web site, the Seattle Public Utilities newsletter and other local publications, about 500 pieces have been tagged. One item, an aluminum can disposed of at a residence, traveled 2.5 miles to a recycling facility in the city in just under two days.
In New York, where 50 items were tagged at the Architectural League’s offices, a recyclable plastic bottle picked up at Madison Avenue and 51st Street traveled 18.3 miles over four days to Kearny, N.J., and is still en route, said Assaf Biderman, associate director of the M.I.T. lab.
The tracking has its limitations. Even though the tags have a battery life of two to six months and can report back from overseas, they can easily be crushed in transit inside garbage trucks and at processing facilities. Mr. Biderman said a paper cup taken from a Seattle residence sent signals for seven and a half days before it went silent and is assumed to have been destroyed.
But the researchers say most tags are likely to travel far enough to show which items go where and how long it takes them to reach a destination, yielding information about inefficiencies in the waste management system. In coming weeks the project is expected to gain an international component when 50 items are tagged in London, Mr. Biderman said.
Ms. Brown of Waste Management said her company hoped that the experiment could eventually help shorten or avoid overlaps in routes traveled by its 24,000 garbage trucks and to find more central locations for transfer and disposal.
Ultimately, she said, “we’re looking for ways to recycle more and to do it all more efficiently.”
Brett Stav, a senior planning and development specialist for the Seattle Public Utilities, which collects about 2,100 tons of trash and recyclables a day, said that aside from the help with logistics, he saw “tremendous educational value” in the experiment.
“There is this hidden world of trash, and there are ramifications to the choices that people make,” Mr. Stav said. “People just take their trash and put it on the curb and they forget about it and don’t think about all the time and energy and money put into disposing of it.”
The point is well taken by Ms. Landsberg of Seattle, who is so environmentally conscious that she keeps a worm bin to compost her food waste.
“If I found out that it wasn’t going where I think it does, if it is less recycled than I hoped,” she said she “might think about buying less of it or doing without.”
“Maybe it is more about the reduce than the re-use,” she said.
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| 译文： |
追踪可回收与不可回收垃圾的处理过程
所有的垃圾都是怎样处理的呢？
凯琳-兰芝博格，42岁，居住在西雅图。她自诩自己是“环保怪人”。出于好奇，上个月她答应麻省理工学院的研究者从她家的垃圾堆里取出12件垃圾和一些可回收的箱子以及一个盛豆类的空罐子和一个微型灯泡。研究者在这些垃圾上面安装了微型的电子跟踪设备用于跟踪这些垃圾的处理过程。
现在她的那些垃圾正在被运往处理场的路上。
两个星期前，纽约建筑协会将其办公室从曼哈顿市中心般到了索霍区。当时作为麻省理工学院所做项目的一部分，他们也进行了一个相似的垃圾跟踪实验。他们选择的跟踪项目有一个咖啡杯，一个文件柜，一个书架，一个破碎的葡萄酒瓶和一个盛肥皂水的空塑料瓶。
建筑协会数字程序和展览中心的负责人格雷戈里-威斯纳对记者说“到目前为止，他们所能提供的信息就是其中的一些垃圾已经过了林肯隧道”，“事情还在进展当中，我们很期待知道接下来要发生的事情”。
在麻省理工学院的senseable city 实验室负责监管的这个项目里，他们将在未来的三个月跟踪3000件普通垃圾的处理过程，这些垃圾大部分都来自西雅图。研究人员将在网上发布对这些垃圾的实时跟踪报到。与此同时，纽约建筑协会和和西雅图公共图书馆将分别于星期四，星期六展览有关方面的报道。实验室的负责人卡罗-拉蒂告诉记者，作为他们这个项目的目的之一，他们希望能够通过这个项目让大众对他们的行为对环境所产生的影响有一个具体而形象的认识，进而引导他们改变他们的行为习惯。
他说：“如果你亲眼目睹一个塑料瓶子被倒到路边几英里之外的垃圾堆里，你可能会考虑以后喝自来水或用其它的容器来装水。”
收集，运输，储存和处理垃圾是一项耗时耗资的巨大工程。废物处理公司的发言人莱恩-布朗说：“废物处理需要经过一系列的处理场所，而这些场所由不同的承包商经营，因此很难寻找到一个最有效的废物处理方法”。该公司负责经营全国的垃圾掩埋处理场和再回收利用中心而且以30万美元的价格承包了这项垃圾跟踪项目。
同时它也意味着有成百种垃圾处理的方式。莱恩-布朗说：“从物流管理的角度来看，垃圾处理方式面临一个非常复杂的处境”“当你看到不同的城市使用不同的方式来处理垃圾的时候，你就会知道处理垃圾的方式像雪片一样纷繁复杂”。
可回收垃圾的处理还受到其它因素的影响。对于一个公司来说，像金属和塑料的价格波动可能会导致掩埋垃圾比回收垃圾更合算；也有可能因为污染导致一个罐头瓶或一张纸没有回收价值；抑或是在垃圾的分类或处理的过程中可能会犯一些人为的错误。
华盛顿的交通规划院兰芝博格女士说，“即使一件垃圾正被运往废物处理场，我们是用船运呢，还是用卡车或者其它的交通方式来运？”“还有就是难道这些垃圾真的通过回收被制成了对国家有用的东西了吗？还是他们最后都被压碎后用船运到了中国，谁又知道它们被运到了哪里或者被怎么处理了呢？”
为了回答上面这一系列的问题，麻省理工团队正在使用由电池驱动的跟踪设备，这项设备是基于移动电话技术研制而成的。
研究人员说要分析那些蜂窝状的无线信号需要几个月的时间，但是，与此同时他们也注意到一些垃圾几天之内就会被运往处理场而另一些垃圾则需要历经四到五周的时间才能最终被运到垃圾掩埋场或者回收加工垃圾的地方。
在西雅图，研究者已经追踪了500件垃圾。他们发现居民区的铝罐头仅需两天的时间就可以被运到2.5英里之外城市的一个垃圾回收工厂。
在纽约，他们在建筑协会的办公室对50件垃圾进行了追踪。麻省理工学院实验室的另一位负责人阿萨夫-彼得曼说，他们在麦迪森大街和51号街收集的可回收的盛肥皂水的塑料容器历时四天才被运到了是18.3英里之外的卡尼-新泽西州，目前还在被运往处理场的途中。
追踪也有不足之处。尽管跟踪器的电池有二到六个月的使用寿命，而且可以从国外发回信号，但它们极容易在运输过程中或处理过程中被压碎。彼得曼先生告诉记者，一个取自西雅图居民区的纸质水杯在反馈了七天信息之后就杳无音讯了，估计已经被压碎了。
但是研究人员又说，大多数跟踪设备都能跟踪很远的距离。他们反馈回了诸如什么垃圾被运到了什么地方，用了多长时间运到了目的地以及废物管理体系中存在怎样的弊端等一系列的信息。
彼得曼说，在接下来的几周，伦敦将跟踪50件垃圾。我们期待很多能够国家参与到这个项目当中。废物管理公司的布朗女士说她的公司希望通过这个项目缩短或者避免2400辆运输垃圾的大卡车在运输路线上的重叠，并且可以发现更多的位于路线中间的处理场地。
最后，布朗说：“我们正在寻找能够回收更多而且更有效的方法”。西雅图公用事业公司一天收集大约21000吨的垃圾，其高级规划与发展专员布雷特-斯戴说，这个项目不仅促进了物流管理而且也具有“巨大的教育价值”。他接着又说，“一边是被隐藏的垃圾世界，一边是人们做出的选择所产生的后果：通常人们只是把他们的垃圾放到垃圾回收处然后就将其抛之脑后，他们并不会想到为了处理那些垃圾投入了多少的时间，精力和金钱。”
环保意识非常强的兰芝博格女士采取了一个非常好的办法，那就是她用一个螺旋形的箱子来分解发酵她的食品垃圾从而把它们做成混合肥料。
她说：“如果我发现一件食品垃圾不能被分解发酵或者它没有我期待的回收效果；我可能就会少买它或者干脆不买它”
她又说：“也许我们更应该考虑的是如何尽量减少垃圾而不是如何对垃圾的进行回收利用” |
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