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| 个人信息 |
| 姓 名： |
译员 [编号]:2388 |
性 别： |
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| 擅长专业： |
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出生年月： |
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| 民 族： |
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所在地区： |
广东 广州 |
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| 文化程度： |
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所学专业： |
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| 口译等级： |
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工作经历： |
0 年 |
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| 翻译库信息 |
| 可翻译语种： |
英语 |
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| 目前所在地： |
广东 广州 |
| 可提供服务类型： |
笔译、口译、家教 |
| 每周可提供服务时间： |
周二周四下午，周六周日全天，周一周日晚上 |
| 证书信息 |
| 证书名称： |
专八 |
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| 获证时间： |
2009/4/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
74 |
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| 笔译案例信息 |
| 案例标题： |
Following Trash and Recyclables on Their Journey |
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| 原文： |
Following Trash and Recyclables on Their Journey
By MIREYA NAVARRO
Published: September 16, 2009
Where does all the trash go?
Karin Landsberg, 42, a self-described “eco-geek” in Seattle, was so curious that she invited researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology into her home last month to fish 12 items out of her garbage and recycling bins — a can of beans, a compact fluorescent light bulb — and tag them with small electronic tracking devices.
Her trash is now on its journey to the place where it goes to die or be reborn.
The Architectural League of New York went through a similar trash-tagging exercise as part of the same project when it moved its offices from midtown Manhattan to SoHo two weeks ago. Among the discarded items tagged were a coffee cup, a filing cabinet, a book shelf, a broken wine glass and an empty plastic bottle that had held liquid soap.
“All they can tell me up to this point is that some of the stuff has gone through the Lincoln Tunnel,” said Gregory Wessner, director of digital programs and exhibitions for the league. “It is on the move. We’re really excited to know what happens.”
Through the project, overseen by M.I.T.’s Senseable City Laboratory, 3,000 common pieces of garbage, mostly from Seattle, are to be tracked through the waste disposal system over the next three months. The researchers will display the routes in real time online and in exhibitions opening at the Architectural League of New York on Thursday and the Seattle Public Library on Saturday.
One purpose of the project, said Carlo Ratti, director of the lab, is to give people a concrete sense of their impact on the environment in a way that might lead them to change their habits.
“If you see where a plastic bottle ends up, a few miles down the road in a dump, you may want to get tap water or some other container for the water,” Mr. Ratti said.
Collecting, transporting, storing and getting rid of garbage is a costly and often daunting task for cities. Lynn Brown, a spokeswoman for Waste Management Inc., a company that runs both landfills and recycling centers nationwide and is helping to underwrite the tracking project with $300,000, said garbage moved through a vast network of sites run by multiple contractors, which makes it challenging to find the most efficient way to handle it.
It also means hundreds of possible journeys for trash.
“From a logistics standpoint, it’s a very complicated situation,” Ms. Brown said. “When you look at how waste is handled in different cities, it’s like snowflakes. It’s all different.”
Other factors are also in play in the travel of recyclables like metal and plastic. Among them are price fluctuations that may make it cheaper for a company to ditch items than to recycle them, contamination that makes a can or paper useless, and human error in sorting or transporting material.
Even when an item is headed where it is supposed to go, “does it fall off the boat, or truck, or whatever?” said Ms. Landsberg, a transportation planner for Washington State. “Is the stuff actually made into something useful in this country? Does it all end up shredded and shipped to China, where who knows what happens to it?”
To answer some of those questions, the M.I.T. team is using battery-powered tags based on cellphone technology.
The researchers say it will take several months to analyze the data generated by the cellular signals. But they have already noticed that while some trash reaches its destination in a couple of days, other items may take four or five weeks to wind their way to landfills or recycling and waste processing plants.
In Seattle, where researchers recruited volunteers for the project through the Seattle Public Library’s Web site, the Seattle Public Utilities newsletter and other local publications, about 500 pieces have been tagged. One item, an aluminum can disposed of at a residence, traveled 2.5 miles to a recycling facility in the city in just under two days.
In New York, where 50 items were tagged at the Architectural League’s offices, a recyclable plastic bottle picked up at Madison Avenue and 51st Street traveled 18.3 miles over four days to Kearny, N.J., and is still en route, said Assaf Biderman, associate director of the M.I.T. lab.
The tracking has its limitations. Even though the tags have a battery life of two to six months and can report back from overseas, they can easily be crushed in transit inside garbage trucks and at processing facilities. Mr. Biderman said a paper cup taken from a Seattle residence sent signals for seven and a half days before it went silent and is assumed to have been destroyed.
But the researchers say most tags are likely to travel far enough to show which items go where and how long it takes them to reach a destination, yielding information about inefficiencies in the waste management system. In coming weeks the project is expected to gain an international component when 50 items are tagged in London, Mr. Biderman said.
Ms. Brown of Waste Management said her company hoped that the experiment could eventually help shorten or avoid overlaps in routes traveled by its 24,000 garbage trucks and to find more central locations for transfer and disposal.
Ultimately, she said, “we’re looking for ways to recycle more and to do it all more efficiently.”
Brett Stav, a senior planning and development specialist for the Seattle Public Utilities, which collects about 2,100 tons of trash and recyclables a day, said that aside from the help with logistics, he saw “tremendous educational value” in the experiment.
“There is this hidden world of trash, and there are ramifications to the choices that people make,” Mr. Stav said. “People just take their trash and put it on the curb and they forget about it and don’t think about all the time and energy and money put into disposing of it.”
The point is well taken by Ms. Landsberg of Seattle, who is so environmentally conscious that she keeps a worm bin to compost her food waste.
“If I found out that it wasn’t going where I think it does, if it is less recycled than I hoped,” she said she “might think about buying less of it or doing without.”
“Maybe it is more about the reduce than the re-use,” she said.
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追踪可回收与不可回收垃圾的处理过程
所有的垃圾都是怎样处理的呢？
凯琳-兰芝博格，42岁，居住在西雅图。她自诩自己是“环保怪人”。出于好奇，上个月她答应麻省理工学院的研究者从她家的垃圾堆里取出12件垃圾和一些可回收的箱子以及一个盛豆类的空罐子和一个微型灯泡。研究者在这些垃圾上面安装了微型的电子跟踪设备用于跟踪这些垃圾的处理过程。
现在她的那些垃圾正在被运往处理场的路上。
两个星期前，纽约建筑协会将其办公室从曼哈顿市中心般到了索霍区。当时作为麻省理工学院所做项目的一部分，他们也进行了一个相似的垃圾跟踪实验。他们选择的跟踪项目有一个咖啡杯，一个文件柜，一个书架，一个破碎的葡萄酒瓶和一个盛肥皂水的空塑料瓶。
建筑协会数字程序和展览中心的负责人格雷戈里-威斯纳对记者说“到目前为止，他们所能提供的信息就是其中的一些垃圾已经过了林肯隧道”，“事情还在进展当中，我们很期待知道接下来要发生的事情”。
在麻省理工学院的senseable city 实验室负责监管的这个项目里，他们将在未来的三个月跟踪3000件普通垃圾的处理过程，这些垃圾大部分都来自西雅图。研究人员将在网上发布对这些垃圾的实时跟踪报到。与此同时，纽约建筑协会和和西雅图公共图书馆将分别于星期四，星期六展览有关方面的报道。实验室的负责人卡罗-拉蒂告诉记者，作为他们这个项目的目的之一，他们希望能够通过这个项目让大众对他们的行为对环境所产生的影响有一个具体而形象的认识，进而引导他们改变他们的行为习惯。
他说：“如果你亲眼目睹一个塑料瓶子被倒到路边几英里之外的垃圾堆里，你可能会考虑以后喝自来水或用其它的容器来装水。”
收集，运输，储存和处理垃圾是一项耗时耗资的巨大工程。废物处理公司的发言人莱恩-布朗说：“废物处理需要经过一系列的处理场所，而这些场所由不同的承包商经营，因此很难寻找到一个最有效的废物处理方法”。该公司负责经营全国的垃圾掩埋处理场和再回收利用中心而且以30万美元的价格承包了这项垃圾跟踪项目。
同时它也意味着有成百种垃圾处理的方式。莱恩-布朗说：“从物流管理的角度来看，垃圾处理方式面临一个非常复杂的处境”“当你看到不同的城市使用不同的方式来处理垃圾的时候，你就会知道处理垃圾的方式像雪片一样纷繁复杂”。
可回收垃圾的处理还受到其它因素的影响。对于一个公司来说，像金属和塑料的价格波动可能会导致掩埋垃圾比回收垃圾更合算；也有可能因为污染导致一个罐头瓶或一张纸没有回收价值；抑或是在垃圾的分类或处理的过程中可能会犯一些人为的错误。
华盛顿的交通规划院兰芝博格女士说，“即使一件垃圾正被运往废物处理场，我们是用船运呢，还是用卡车或者其它的交通方式来运？”“还有就是难道这些垃圾真的通过回收被制成了对国家有用的东西了吗？还是他们最后都被压碎后用船运到了中国，谁又知道它们被运到了哪里或者被怎么处理了呢？”
为了回答上面这一系列的问题，麻省理工团队正在使用由电池驱动的跟踪设备，这项设备是基于移动电话技术研制而成的。
研究人员说要分析那些蜂窝状的无线信号需要几个月的时间，但是，与此同时他们也注意到一些垃圾几天之内就会被运往处理场而另一些垃圾则需要历经四到五周的时间才能最终被运到垃圾掩埋场或者回收加工垃圾的地方。
在西雅图，研究者已经追踪了500件垃圾。他们发现居民区的铝罐头仅需两天的时间就可以被运到2.5英里之外城市的一个垃圾回收工厂。
在纽约，他们在建筑协会的办公室对50件垃圾进行了追踪。麻省理工学院实验室的另一位负责人阿萨夫-彼得曼说，他们在麦迪森大街和51号街收集的可回收的盛肥皂水的塑料容器历时四天才被运到了是18.3英里之外的卡尼-新泽西州，目前还在被运往处理场的途中。
追踪也有不足之处。尽管跟踪器的电池有二到六个月的使用寿命，而且可以从国外发回信号，但它们极容易在运输过程中或处理过程中被压碎。彼得曼先生告诉记者，一个取自西雅图居民区的纸质水杯在反馈了七天信息之后就杳无音讯了，估计已经被压碎了。
但是研究人员又说，大多数跟踪设备都能跟踪很远的距离。他们反馈回了诸如什么垃圾被运到了什么地方，用了多长时间运到了目的地以及废物管理体系中存在怎样的弊端等一系列的信息。
彼得曼说，在接下来的几周，伦敦将跟踪50件垃圾。我们期待很多能够国家参与到这个项目当中。废物管理公司的布朗女士说她的公司希望通过这个项目缩短或者避免2400辆运输垃圾的大卡车在运输路线上的重叠，并且可以发现更多的位于路线中间的处理场地。
最后，布朗说：“我们正在寻找能够回收更多而且更有效的方法”。西雅图公用事业公司一天收集大约21000吨的垃圾，其高级规划与发展专员布雷特-斯戴说，这个项目不仅促进了物流管理而且也具有“巨大的教育价值”。他接着又说，“一边是被隐藏的垃圾世界，一边是人们做出的选择所产生的后果：通常人们只是把他们的垃圾放到垃圾回收处然后就将其抛之脑后，他们并不会想到为了处理那些垃圾投入了多少的时间，精力和金钱。”
环保意识非常强的兰芝博格女士采取了一个非常好的办法，那就是她用一个螺旋形的箱子来分解发酵她的食品垃圾从而把它们做成混合肥料。
她说：“如果我发现一件食品垃圾不能被分解发酵或者它没有我期待的回收效果；我可能就会少买它或者干脆不买它”
她又说：“也许我们更应该考虑的是如何尽量减少垃圾而不是如何对垃圾的进行回收利用” |
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简爱部分片段 |
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Five o’clock had hardly struck on the morning of the nineteenth of January , when Bessie brought a candle into my closet and found me already up and nearly dressed. I had risen half an hour before her entrance, and had washed my face, and put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, whose rays streamed through the narrow window near my crib. I was to leave Gateshead that day by a coach which passed the lodge gates at six A.M. Bessie was the only person yet risen; she had lit a fire in the nursery, where she now proceeded to make my breakfast. Few children can eat when excited with the thoughts of journey; nor could I. Bessie, having pressed me in vain to take a few spoonfuls of the boiled milk and bread she had prepared for me, wrapped up some biscuits in a paper and put them into my bag; then she helped me on with my pelisse and bonnet, and wrapping herself in a shawl she and I left the nursery. As we passed Mrs Reed’s bedroom, she said, ‘Will you go in and bid missis good-bye?’
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The moon was set , and it was very dark; Bessie carried a lantern, whose light glanced on wet steps and gravel road sodden by a recent thaw. Raw and chill was the winter morning: my teeth chattered as I hastened down the drive. There was a light in the porter’s lodge: when we reached it, we found the porter’s wife just kindling her fire: my trunk , which had been carried down the evening before, stood corded at the door . It wanted but a few minutes of six, and shortly after that hour had struck, the distant roll of wheels announced the coming coach; I went to the door and watched its lamps approach rapidly through the gloom.
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The coach drew up, there it was at the gates with its four horses and its top laden with passengers, the guard and coachman loudly urged haste; my trunk was hoisted up; I was taken from Bessie’s neck, to which I clung with kisses.
‘Be sure and take good care of her,’ cried she to the guard, as he lifted me into the inside.
‘Ay, ay!’ was the answer: the door was slapped to , a voice exclaimed ‘All right,’ and on we drove . Thus was I severed from Bessie and Gateshead; thus whirled away to unknown, and, as I then deemed, remote and mysterious regions.
I remember but little of the journey; I only know that the day seemed to me of a preternatural length, and that we appeared to travel over hundreds of miles of road. We passed through several towns, and in one, a very large one, the coach stopped; the horses were taken out, and the passengers alighted to dine. I was carried into an inn, where the guard wanted me to have some dinner; but, as I had no appetite, he left me in an immense room with a fireplace at each end, a chandelier pendant from the ceiling and a little red gallery high up against the wall filled with musical instruments. Here I walked about for a long time, feeling very strange, and mortally apprehensive of someone coming in and kidnapping me; for I believed in kidnappers, their exploits having frequently figured in Bessie’s fireside chronicles. At last the guard returned; once more I was stowed away in the coach, my protector mounted his own seat, sounded his hollow horn, and away we rattled over the ‘stony street’ of L--.
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1月19日早晨，五点刚过，贝西就拿着蜡烛走进了我住的小房间。那时我已经起床了，而且衣服也穿的差不多了。事实上半个小时前我就已经起床了，洗了洗脸，那时天空中的半个月亮正缓缓下沉，月亮的光线通过我床边的那个狭小的窗户透射过来，我就就着那点光线开始穿衣服。六点的时候我将乘坐路过寄宿学校大门的马车离开加兹海德。那时候整个学校就只有我和贝西两个人起来了，贝西把育儿室的壁炉点着，开始为我准备早餐。一想到马上要去很远的地方，几乎所有的孩子都会兴奋地吃不下饭。我也不例外，虽然贝西为我准备了热的牛奶和面包并再三催促我多少吃点，但是我却没有一点食欲一口都吃不下。贝西只好月纸包了一些饼干放进我的书包里，让我路上饿了再吃。随后就帮我穿上皮衣，戴上帽子，她自己也围上围巾，我们就一块儿离开了育儿室。路过里德太太的房间时她问我：“你要不要进去跟里德太太告别？”
月亮已经完全西沉，外面一片漆黑，贝西提着一盏灯笼，灯光照在台阶和沙砾路上，由于雪刚刚融化，所以台阶和沙砾路上都很潮湿。冬天的早晨次刺骨的冷，路上我冻的牙齿直打颤。远远的隐约看见看门人住的地方有一盏灯亮着，待我们走进的时候，看见看门人的妻子正在生火。昨天晚上他们就把我的行李搬下来了，现在就放在门边用绳子捆得严严实实的。
那时候差几分钟不到六点。六点的钟声刚过，远处隐约响起马车的车轮声。我走到那个门边，看着马车上的那盏灯随着马车的极速前行逐渐由暗变亮。
马车在门前停了下来，由四匹马拉着，车厢前部坐满乘客，车夫和管车人大声催促我们快点，他们把我的行李装上车，然后又把我从贝西的怀里抱过来，那时我正搂着她的脖子亲她。
管车人把我抱进马车的时候，贝西大声地对他喊着：“路上一点要照顾好她，”
“知道了”他说，门啪的一声关住了，只听到一个声音喊着“好了，走吧！”我们就开始上路了。就这样我离开了贝西和加兹海德，驶向了未知的远方。那时候我认为我要去的地方遥远而又神秘。
路上发生的很多事我都记不起来了，我只记得那天对我来说显得特别漫长，我们似乎走了好几百英里的路，穿过好几个城镇，在一个大城镇里，马车停了下来。他们把马从马车上卸了下来，乘客也都下了马车去吃饭。管车人把我领进一个小旅馆，想让我在那里吃点东西，但是我却没有一点胃口，于是他就把我留在一个大房间里，那个大房间四个墙角都有壁炉，天花板上还有一个支状吊灯，墙边还有一个很小的红色的陈列柜，里面放满了各种乐器。我在那里走了好长时间，感觉既新奇又不安，不安的是我生怕有人会会进来把我拐走，那时我相信有拐小孩的，因为贝西经常在炉边给我将拐小孩的人干的坏事。最后管门人终于回来了，我再一次被他抱上马车，待他坐上他的座位，吹起号角，伴随着马车嘎嘎地响声，我们就行进在L镇的“石头街”上。 |
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