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| 个人信息 |
| 姓 名： |
张译员 [编号]:1061 |
性 别： |
男 |
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| 擅长专业： |
翻译、国际政治 |
出生年月： |
1988/2/1 |
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| 民 族： |
汉族 |
所在地区： |
天津 天津 |
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| 文化程度： |
本科 |
所学专业： |
英语、国际政治（双学位） |
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| 毕业时间： |
40330 |
毕业学校： |
南开大学 |
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| 第一外语： |
英语 |
等级水平： |
专业四级 |
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| 口译等级： |
中级 |
工作经历： |
1 年 |
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| 翻译库信息 |
| 可翻译语种： |
英语 |
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| 目前所在地： |
天津 天津 |
| 可提供服务类型： |
笔译、家教 |
| 每周可提供服务时间： |
除周三外的所有时间 |
| 证书信息 |
| 证书名称： |
英语专业四级证书 |
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| 获证时间： |
2008/5/1 |
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| 获得分数： |
72 |
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| 工作经历 |
| 工作时期： |
2009/3/1--2009/7/1 |
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| 公司名称： |
英国全球教育企业有限公司北京代表处 |
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| 公司性质： |
外企代表处 |
| 所属行业： |
翻译 |
| 所在部门： |
签证部、翻译部 |
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| 职位： |
资料翻译员 |
| 自我评价： |
熟悉中西方文化，既学有专长，又通晓各方面知识，知识面广。不骄不躁，愈挫愈奋，具有顽强的意志和毅力。工作勤勤恳恳，吃苦耐劳，极富责任心，既具有独立性，又富有团队合作精神，追求挑战和超越具有很强的组织和协调能力。 |
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| 笔译案例信息 |
| 案例标题： |
阿布扎比足球场开工建设，全力以赴备办2009年世俱杯 |
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| 原文： |
Pitch construction begins as Abu Dhabi gears up to host FIFA World Cup UAE 2009
Construction has begun on new playing surfaces at Abu Dhabi's two biggest stadiums, which will play host to the FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 in December. Once completed, the new pitches at Zayed Sports City Stadium and Mohammed Bin Zayed Stadium will stage all eight matches of the competition, and provide the UAE national side and club teams with permanent world-class playing facilities.
In addition to the two stadiums, seven other pitches across the Emirate of Abu Dhabi are being reconstructed or renovated to accommodate the competing clubs as exclusive training sites.
Using the most advanced technology available, the playing surfaces are being constructed to world-class standards, with the overall goal to deliver top quality grass colour, consistent ball bounce across the entire pitch and turf that remains firm under foot. Laser equipment is being used to produce an even pitch gradient, and a specially-designed grass seed variant known as Sea Dwarf Paspalum has been carefully selected to reduce water consumption by more than 50%.
The pitches are being developed in two phases: the construction phase, which lasts approximately 15 weeks, then the maintenance phase, which involves intense daily care in response to the surroundings in which each pitch is growing. Regular maintenance will ensure the pitches are robust and ready for December, and have longevity for future use.
The FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009 presented by TOYOTA will take place from 9-19 December in Abu Dhabi. – Emirates News Agency, WAM
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| 译文： |
阿布扎比足球场开工建设，全力以赴备办2009年世俱杯
阿布扎比最大的两个露天体育场已开工建设新的比赛场地。2009年阿联酋国际足联俱乐部世界杯（FIFA Club World Cup UAE 2009）将于12月在此举办。扎伊德运动城体育场（Zayed Sports City Stadium）与穆罕默德•本•扎伊德体育场（Mohammed Bin Zayed Stadium）的新场地完工后，届时将承载世俱会的全部8场比赛，为阿联酋代表队和其他足球俱乐部参赛队提供永久性的世界级比赛设施。
除这两大体育场外，阿布扎比酋长国境内另有7个足球场正在进行重建或修缮，为各参赛队提供单独的训练场地。
足球场的建设采用当今世界最先进的技术，以世界级的标准建设一流的草地，研制的足球滚完整个场地后踩在脚下依然坚实如故。激光设备也被用于建设平坦的场地，并精选特别设计的草种变种海滨雀稗铺设草地，能减少一半以上的水消耗。
足球场建设分为两个阶段：第一个阶段是建设阶段，持续15周左右，然后是维护阶段，每天都要进行精心护理，关注每一个草场的生长环境。日常的维护将确保场地以良好的状态迎接12月份的世俱赛，并在未来也能长久的使用。
2009年国际足联俱乐部世界杯由丰田公司赞助，将于12月9日至19日在阿布扎比隆重举行。
酋长国通讯社（WAM）
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| 案例标题： |
高级人权工作组把目光投向健康和知识产权问题 |
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| 原文： |
High Level Task Force On Human Rights Turns Eye To Health And IP
The World Health Organization global strategy on health and intellectual property includes powerful and potentially paradigm-shifting elements, but it also has notable shortcomings for human rights, says a new document prepared for the United Nations group responsible for the right to development.
Part of the Office of the High Commission for Human Rights (OHCHR), the working group on the right to development has a mandate to evaluate development partnerships – such as the global strategy, or the World Intellectual Property Organization Development Agenda – from a human rights framework.
The document, as yet unavailable online, will go to a meeting of the high-level task force on the implementation of the right to development, which provides independent expertise to the working group, and which is meeting in Geneva 2 to 9 April.
The global strategy does well, the document says, in emphasising the importance of using the full extent of flexibilities under the World Trade Organization Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement for public health purposes, and in promoting the need for innovation on neglected diseases - including a “promising initiative” of a working group on financing for such innovation.
But the strategy is weakened by its failure to specifically warn against the implementation of so-called “TRIPS-plus” measures - reaching beyond TRIPS commitments - in bilateral trade agreements that could impede the realisation of the right to health, the report adds. It is also weak on the duty of member states to promote sustainable financing mechanisms, recommending only that existing financing mechanisms be used rather than recommending pathways for additional measures, and focussing only on public-private partnerships when detailing existing strategies, rather than exploring different kinds of financing measures.
The WHO Global Strategy and Plan of Action on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property was approved in May 2008, and sets forth the health agency’s plan to address inequities in access to health products and health innovation as related to the IP system (IPW, WHO, 29 May 2008).
The right to development group’s 2008-2010 work plan includes a mandate to assess global partnerships on basis of their effect on access to essential medicines, and on transfer of technology. In that vein, the new document - written by an expert external to the UN - evaluates the WHO global strategy, and the Intergovernmental Working Group (IGWG) process that led to it, on the grounds of the right to health, including access to medicine, and the right to benefit from scientific progress.
It was authored by University of Toronto postdoctoral fellow Lisa Forman, a specialist in human rights and public health at the university’s Munk Centre for International Studies.
The Human Rights Evaluative Process
OHCHR is the UN agency set up to identify and speak out against human rights violations. The working group on the right to development was established in 1998 to “monitor and review progress made in the promotion and implementation” of the rights described in the 1986 UN declaration on the right to development.
It does this through the use of a set of criteria, detailed in the second annex of this document [pdf].
The high level task force on the right to development is comprised of five independent experts, and currently includes: Chair Stephen Marks of the Harvard School of Public Health (US), Nico Schrijver of Leiden University (Netherlands) Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr of the New School (US), Raymond Atuguba of the Law Faculty at the University of Ghana, and Flavia Piovesan of the Faculty of Law at Pontifical Catholic University of São Paolo (Brazil).
IGWG Process From A Human Rights Perspective
For a process to properly ensure the right to development, it must necessarily include the effective participation of key stakeholders in the realisation of that right. Participation is, Forman’s report says, “intimately connected to adherence with the other principles underlying the right to developing, including non-discrimination, transparency and accountability.”
The report recognises the participation of several international civil society groups as well as the use of public, web-based hearings and consultations, as key to achieving effective participation. But it notes a dearth of national civil society groups, and questions whether an internet-based format where submissions must be typed in English is conducive to genuine participation. Delegation size - generally smaller in less developed countries - also affected full participation in the breakaway working group sessions that were part of the process.
Delegation of tasks and accountability is somewhat weak in the global strategy, with the primary actors being “governments” - with little specification as to differing responsibilities between developing and developed countries - and with language like ‘request,’ ‘invite,’ and ‘urge’ tempering calls for particular actions. Further, indicators for success fail to set defined targets and, while capable of counting the number of measures taken in the name of public health, are incapable of measuring the impact of such measures.
Also “notably absent,” the report says, “are any indicators measuring the production of new medicines, or the proportion of the population with access to existing medicines,” a “significant deficit” in a strategy aimed at achieving just that.
Right to development criteria could augment the IGWG and global strategy, which might address rights implicitly but contains no explicit acknowledgment of such rights. The report suggests several revisions on right to development principles, including the addition of elements calling for: assessment of TRIPS-plus measures and their impact on health; assurance that access to essential medicines is done according to the right to health; and a requirement that pharmaceutical companies integrate human rights into their business strategies.
A human rights review of the World Intellectual Property Organization Development Agenda is planned in the near future.
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| 译文： |
高级人权工作组把目光投向健康和知识产权问题
一份即将呈交给联合国发展权工作小组的文件说，世界卫生组织在保护健康和知识产权方面的全球战略虽然囊括了强有力并有可能创新模式的因素，但在人权方面仍有显著缺憾。
发展权工作小组隶属于人权高专办公室，受命在人权框架内评估发展伙伴关系，诸如评估全球战略或世界知识产权组织发展议程。
此份文件仍未放到互联网上。但它将在四月二到九日期间在日内瓦举办的一个会议上被宣读，这次高级工作组会议主题是发展权的行使，会议将给发展权工作组提供独立的专家意见。
文件指出，全球战略在两个方面成绩斐然，一是为了促进公共卫生事业的发展，强调最大限度地发挥《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》灵活性的重要性；二是促进被忽视疾病的研究工作。全球战略包括成立一个研究为此类创新融资问题的工作小组，这是一个“大有前途的举措”。
但是报告也指出了这个战略的弱点，那就是没有明确警告并反对在双边贸易协定中运用所谓的“超TRIPS协定”（TRIPs-plus）的措施，即那些超出与贸易有关的知识产权的承诺范围的做法，而这些措施会妨碍健康权的实现。另外，该全球战略在有关成员国促进可持续融资机制的义务方面也存在弱点，战略仅仅建议运用现有的融资机制，而没有建议采取额外的措施途径；另外，在详述现有战略方面，只是侧重于公私合作伙伴关系，而没有探讨各类不同的融资办法。
2008年5月，世界卫生组织关于全球公共卫生、创新和知识产权战略和行动计划得到批准，它阐明了卫生机构如何处理卫生产品和卫生革新在涉及知识产权体系方面存在的不公问题的计划。
发展工作小组制定的2008年至2010年工作计划有一项职责，就是评估全球合作伙伴关系，评估标准是合作伙伴关系对关键性药品获得和技术转让的影响。根据这一点，这份由联合国外聘专家撰写的新文件，从享受卫生保健的权利，包括药品的获得和从科技进步中获益权利的角度出发，评价了世界卫生组织的全球战略，并评价了促成此战略形成的政府间工作组（IGWG）的工作程序。
报告作者为多伦多大学博士后丽莎.福曼，她是该大学曼克(Munk)国际研究中心研究人权与公共卫生的专家。
人权评估程序
人权高专办公室是联合国设立用以鉴别和反对侵犯人权行为的专门机构。发展权工作小组设立于1998年，用以“监督和检查”1986年签订的《联合国发展权利宣言》中规定的各种权利的“促进和实施”工作的进展情况。
发展权工作小组是通过该文件[pdf].第二附件详述的一套标准开展这项工作的。
发展权高级工作组由5位独立专家组成，目前包括如下人员：美国哈佛大学公共卫生学院的查尔•斯蒂芬•马克思（Chair Stephen Marks）、荷兰莱顿（Leiden）大学格劳修斯（Grotius）国际法研究中心的尼克•司克瑞哲（Nico Schrijver）、美国新学院大学福田三木九•帕尔（Sakiko Fukuda-Parr）、加纳大学法学院的瑞芒德•阿图古巴（Raymond Atuguba）、巴西圣保罗宗座天主教（Pontifical Catholic）大学法学院的弗雷非•帕欧法散（Flavia Piovesan）。
从人权视角看政府间工作组程序
为了建立一个切实保障发展权的程序，就必须在实现人权的过程中有人权利益攸关部门的有效参与。福曼（Forman）的报告说道，这“与遵守其他构成发展权的原则密切相关。这些原则包括非歧视、透明和问责。”
该报告承认若干国际公民协会团体的参与以及公共、网络听证会和咨询会的利用对于实现真正有效的参与很关键。但同时它也指出国内公民协会团体非常缺乏，并质疑在网络中提交的文件必须采用英文版是否有利于真正参与。通常国家越不发达，其代表团规模就越小，这导致一些国家的代表团无法参加一些程序内的工作组会议，从而影响全面充分参与。
在全球战略中首要行为体依然是政府，发展中国家和发达国家的责任没有详细区分，诸如“要求”、“邀请”“强烈建议”之类的词淡化了具体行动的迫切性。结果，人权任务和责任的代表分配在某种程度上较弱。另外，衡量成功的指标没有明确具体的工作目标，尽管它可以用公共卫生的名义清点措施数目，但却无法测量此类措施的长期影响。。
同时报告指出，“显著缺失的是衡量新药产量的指标，以及买得起现有药品的人口比重，”对于这样一个恰恰旨在实现这一目标的战略来说，这是一项“相当大的赤字”。
发展权标准能够丰富政府间工作组和全球战略，这些标准或许会含蓄地表达权利，但并没有明确包含对这些权利的承认。该报告建议对发展权原则做出了几处修正，包括增加了几点意见，呼吁：评估超TRIP协定（TRIPs-plus）措施及其对健康的影响；根据健康权确保获得必要的药品；要求制药商将人权纳入他们的商业战略。
近期计划将进行世界知识产权组织发展议程的人权审查。
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