 |
当前位置：首页 >> 个人服务 >> 预览个人简历信息 提醒：任何一种简历保密设置，都不会影响您在线投递简历。 |
|
| 个人信息 |
| 姓 名： |
张译员 [编号]:1004 |
性 别： |
女 |
|
| 擅长专业： |
翻译理论与实践 |
出生年月： |
1986/8/1 |
|
| 民 族： |
汉族 |
所在地区： |
广东 广州 |
|
| 文化程度： |
硕士 |
所学专业： |
英语语言文学 |
|
| 毕业时间： |
40339 |
毕业学校： |
暨南大学 |
|
| 第一外语： |
英语 |
等级水平： |
六级 |
|
|
| 口译等级： |
高级 |
工作经历： |
1 年 |
|
|
| 翻译库信息 |
| 可翻译语种： |
英语 |
|
|
| 目前所在地： |
广东 广州 |
| 可提供服务类型： |
笔译、口译、家教 |
| 每周可提供服务时间： |
时间自由！ |
| 证书信息 |
| 证书名称： |
大学英语六级证书 |
|
| 获证时间： |
2006/6/1 |
|
| 获得分数： |
459 |
|
|
| 工作经历 |
| 工作时期： |
2008/10/1--2009/7/1 |
|
| 公司名称： |
暨南大学 |
|
| 公司性质： |
国营企业 |
| 所属行业： |
在校学生 |
| 所在部门： |
研究生部 |
|
| 职位： |
助管 |
| 自我评价： |
表现很好，锻炼了实践能力. |
|
|
| 笔译案例信息 |
| 案例标题： |
商务英语 |
|
| 原文： |
Subject: Judge says Microsoft violated law 法官判微软违法
April 3 U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson dealt a momentous legal blow to Microsoft Corp. Monday, ruling that the software giant violated the Sherman Antitrust Act in illegally tying its Web browser to the Windows operating system to crush rival Netscape. Microsoft quickly responded to the ruling in the historic case, saying it would appeal.
|
|
| 译文： |
Judge says Microsoft violated law 法官判微软违法（P169）
（4月3日） 美国区域法院法官托马斯•彭菲尔德•杰克逊从法律上给了微软公司一次严重的打击。星期一，法院裁决软件巨人违反了谢尔曼反托拉斯法，非法将网页浏览器绑定在 Windows 操作系统中以击跨对手网景公司。微软对这次历史性案件的裁决迅速地做出了回应，并表明将会上诉。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
商务英语 |
|
| 原文： |
Subject: CIA fires officer over attack on embassy 中情局官员因使馆被袭遭解雇
CIA fires officer over attack on embassy
Six others punished for mistaken bombing of Chinese mission
April 9, 2000 The CIA has fired one intelligence officer and reprimanded six managers, including a senior official, for errors that led to the U.S. bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade during NATO's air war against Yugoslavia last year, officials said yesterday.
|
|
| 译文： |
CIA fires officers over attack on embassy 中情局官员因使馆被袭遭解雇（P168)
中情局官员因使馆被袭遭解雇
其他六位官员因误炸中国大使馆而受到惩罚
（2000年4月9日） 昨天官员们谈论，中情局开除了一个情报员，并斥责了六个主管，其中包括一个高级官员。在北大西洋公约组织去年对南斯拉夫进行空袭时，正是他们几个玩忽职守，导致美国误炸中国驻贝尔格雷德大使馆。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
商务英语 |
|
| 原文： |
Subject: 500 arrested at IMF protests 抗议国际货币基金组织，500人士被捕
Police fire tear gas, pepper spray at globalization protesters
April 17, 2000 Police fired tear gas and pepper spray at hundreds of protestors Monday and arrested 500 of the demonstrators who came out to disrupt the final day of meetings at the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. After three days of sometimes violent clashes, 1,200 people who say the lending organizations' policies harm the world's poorest countries, have been arrested.
|
|
| 译文： |
500 arrested at IMF protests 500个人因抗议国际货币基金组织被捕（P167）
警察向全球化抗议者发射催泪弹并喷洒胡椒水
（2000年4月17日） 星期一，警察向成百上千的抗议者喷洒催泪气和胡椒水，还逮捕了500名示威者，因为他们公开扰乱国际货币基金组织和世界银行的最后一天的会议。有1200个人认为借贷组织的政策损害了世界上最贫穷的国家的利益，三天断断续续(sometimes)?的暴力冲突后，他们全被抓捕了。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
商务英语 |
|
| 原文： |
Subject: China trade bill 对华贸易法案
Wed, 24 May 2000
House passes China trade bill
237 members vote for, 197 vote against
May 24, 2001 The House of Representatives, in a historic vote Wednesday, passed legislation to normalize trade relations with China. Passage of the bill ends 20 years of debate over Beijing's trade relationship with the United States. In the face of aggressive resistance from organized labor and human rights activists, the bill's passage hands President Clinton a major foreign policy victory.
|
|
| 译文： |
China Trade Bill 对华贸易法案（P166）
2000年5月24日，星期三
众议院通过了对华贸易法案
237位议员投票赞成，197位议员投票反对
（2001年5月24日） 在星期三这个具有历史意义的选举日，众议院通过了中美贸易关系正常化的法案。法案的通过结束了20多年来中美贸易关系的不和局面。面对组织化的工人和人权主义激进分子的强烈抵制，法案的通过成为克林顿总统外交政策中一次伟大的胜利。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
商务英语 |
|
| 原文： |
Subject: Beijing wins 2008 Summer Olympics 北京赢得2008夏季奥运会主办权
China beats out 4 other cities, will host Games for first time
July 13, 2001 — By awarding the 2008 Games to Beijing, the IOC sent a resounding message to the rest of the world: The Olympics should be about opening doors, not closing them. The International Olympic Committee put aside human rights concerns in making their historic decision, hoping to foster further change in the world’s most populous country.
|
|
| 译文： |
Beijing wins 2008 Summer Olympics 北京赢得2008年夏季奥运会主办权（P164）
中国在与另外四个城市的竞争中胜出，第一次获得奥运会的主办权。
（2001年7月13日） 通过授予北京2008奥运会的主办权，国际奥委会宣布了一个轰动全世界的消息：奥运会将致力于门户开放，并非闭关锁国。在做出历史性抉择之时，国际奥委会暂且将人权问题置之一边，并希望此举能推动这个世界上人口最多的国家更快发展。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
Washington Irving: Rip Van Winkle |
|
| 原文： |
Rip now resumed his old walks and habits; he soon found many of his former cronies, though all rather the worse for the wear and tear of time; and preferred making friends among the rising generation, with whom he soon grew into great favor. Having nothing to do at home, and being arrived at that happy age when a man can do nothing with impunity, he took his place once more on the bench, at the inn door, and was reverenced as one of the patriarchs of the village, and a chronicle of the old times “before the war.” It was some time before he could get into the regular track of gossip, or could be made to comprehend the strange events that had taken place during his torpor. How that there had been a revolutionary war --- that the country had thrown off the yoke of old England --- and that, instead of being a subject of his Majesty George the Third, he was now a free citizen of the United States. Rip, in fact, was no politician; the changes of states and empires made but little impression on him. But there was one species of despotism under which he had groaned, and that was --- petticoat government, happily, that was at an end; he had got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony, and could go in and out whenever he pleased, without dreading the tyranny of Dame Van Winkle. Whenever her name was mentioned, however, he shook his head, shrugged his shoulders, and cast up his eyes，but said nothing; which might pass either for an expression of resignation to his fate, or joy at his deliverance. (Washington Irving: Rip Van Winkle) |
|
| 译文： |
现在瑞普恢复常态；他不久就找到很多要好的老朋友，可是发现他们一个个都随时间的流逝而饱经沧桑。因此他更愿意结交年轻人，而且他会很快受到热烈欢迎。在家无事可做，反正他再也不会因无所事事而受到惩罚，他倒是过得潇洒快乐，于是他再次坐在小酒馆门前的长椅上。身为村里德高望重的人物之一，他见证了“战前”旧时代的史事，所以人们都尊敬他。许久之后，他才开始加入人们闲谈的行列，他才愿意相信在他昏睡期间发生的那些怪事。革命战争是怎么回事——美国推翻了英国的殖民统治——他现在已由英王乔治三世的臣民变为美利坚合众国的一个自由公民。瑞普不是政客，他对合众国和帝国的一切变化几乎无动于衷。但是，有一种特殊的专制曾使他备受折磨——那就是妻子的管束。然而，庆幸的是，妻子的管束已结束，他终于摆脱了婚姻的枷锁。现在他可以随心所欲的出入，而不用担心凶悍蛮横的凡温克尔爵士。每当有人提起她的名字时，他只是摇头耸肩、两眼朝天；他的表情使人觉得，或许他是因无奈而听天由命，或许他是为脱离苦海而欣然自喜。（华盛顿•欧文：《瑞普•凡温克尔》）
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
Deniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe |
|
| 原文： |
It happen’d one day about noon going towards my boat, I was exceedingly surprised with the print of a man’s naked foot on the shore, which was very plain to be seen in the sand: I stood like one thunder-struck, or as if I had seen an apparition; I listened, I looked round me, I could hear nothing, nor see any thing, I went up to a rising ground to look farther, I went up the shore and down the Shore, but it was all one, I could see no other impression but that one. I went to it again to see if there were any more, and to observe if it might not be my fancy; but there was no room for that, for there was exactly the very print of a foot, nor could in the least imagine. But after innumerable fluttering thoughts, like a man perfectly confused and out of myself, I came home to my fortification, not feeling, as we say, the ground I went on but terrify’d to the last degree, looking behind me at every two or three steps, mistaking every bush and tree, and fancying every stump at a distance to be a man; nor is it possible to describe how many various shapes affrighted imagination represented things to me in, how many wild ideas were found every moment in my fancy, and what strange unaccountable whimsies came into my thoughts by the Way. (Deniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe) |
|
| 译文： |
一天，大约中午时分，我正往船只走着。岸边一个赤裸的脚印使我大吃一惊。沙滩上的那个脚印，你可以看的一清二楚。当时我就如遭晴天霹雳，吓得目瞪口呆。或者也可以说，像是见了幽灵一般。我专注的听着，并环顾四周，可是周围一片寂静，也无任何异常。于是，我走到一个小坡上再去看看，又在岸边来回走着。然而，仅我一人而已，除了那个脚印，我看不到任何其它的痕迹。接着，我回到那个脚印的位置，想看看是否有更多的脚印。同时，也意识到这应该不是我的幻觉。但是，这里没有空地方，有的只是那个脚印，也不是想象中的。可是浮想联翩之后，我仍然困惑不解，且六神无主了。因为心里感觉不舒服，我就回家加固房子，做好防御准备。通常我们说，走路时心惊胆战，便会两三步一回头。就这样我把那些树丛误认为是人了，踏着每一步都在想象远处有一个人。这种经历是难以描述的，我的脑海中呈现出各种想象中可怕的影子，我的幻想中时时刻刻都有很多不可思议的想法，一路上，我产生了一些莫名其妙的怪念头。(丹尼尔笛福：《鲁宾逊飘流记》) |
|
|
| 案例标题： |
Vanity Fair |
|
| 原文： |
…(her eyes) so attractive, that a Reverend Mr. Chrisp, fresh from Oxford, and curate to the Vicar of Chiswick, the Reverend Mr. Flowerdew, fell in love with Mis Sharp, being shot dead by a glance of her eyes which was fired all the way across Chiswick Church from the school-pew to the reading-desk. This infatuated young man used sometimes to take ten with Miss Pinkerton, to whom he had been presented by his mama, and actually proposed something like marriage in an intercepted note, which the one-eyed applewoman was charged to deliver. Mrs. Chrisp was summoned from Buston, and abruptly carried off her darling boy, but the idea, even, of such an eagle in the Chiswick dovecot caused a great flutter in the breast of Miss Pinkerton, who would have sent away Miss Sharp, but that she was bound to her under a forfeit, and who could never thoroughly believed the young lady’s protestations that she had never exchanged a single word with Mr. Crisp except under her own eyes on the two occasions when she had met him at tea. ------ Vanity Fair |
|
| 译文： |
克里斯普先生，刚毕业于牛津大学，是奇斯威克的教区牧师福楼多先生的助理牧师。夏普小姐的眼睛太迷人了，克里斯普先生竟然爱上了她。秋波穿越了奇斯威克教堂，从条凳式座位上一直传送到读经台，夏普小姐的一个眼神就使他神魂颠倒。其实他母亲曾把他介绍给平克顿小姐，这个昏头昏脑的小伙子偶尔也会和她一起喝茶聊天。他托一个卖苹果的独眼女人帮他向夏普传递情书，而那封情书中途被人发现了，里面还有些类似求婚的话。得知此消息，克里斯普的母亲连忙从波士顿赶回来，把她的宝贝儿子带走了。听到奇斯威克鸽房里有只鹰的消息，这使平克顿小姐激动不安，若不是有约在先，她早就把夏普撵走了。夏普说她只是在平克顿小姐的眼皮底下与克里斯普在茶会上见过两次面，但未曾和他说过一句话。虽然她竭力辩白，平克顿小姐仍是半信半疑。（《名利场》） |
|
|
| 案例标题： |
星河湾酒店 |
|
| 原文： |
星河湾酒店坐落于番禺大桥畔，饱览珠江的迷人景致，远离都市的繁嚣，让您的商务变得更休闲！以欧洲地中海城堡为蓝本，处处渗透着宫廷式的贵族气息，让客人体验城中独有的五星级休闲商务酒店的贴心服务。
|
|
| 译文： |
Star River Hotel stands beside the Panyu Bridge where you are able to enjoy a fine vision of feast your eyes on the fascinating scenery fantastic sights of the Zhu Jiang River Pearl River. The hotel is far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, which makes your business more leisure. Take the design of the castle around Mediterranean in European for the blueprint, It is designed in accordance with the blueprint of the castle around Mediterranean in European. In addition, it is permeated with full of the aristocratic atmosphere of palace style. In the hotel, businessmen can appreciate considerate sevice of the unique five-star hotel for casual businesse in the city.
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
《种梨》 蒲松龄 |
|
| 原文： |
《种梨》 蒲松龄
有乡人货梨于市，颇甘芳，价腾贵。有道士破巾絮衣丐于车前，乡人咄之亦不去，乡人怒，加以叱骂。道士曰：“一车数百颗，老衲止丐其一，于居士亦无大损，何怒为？”观者劝置劣者一枚令去，乡人执不肯。肆中佣保者，见喋聒不堪，遂出钱市一枚付道士。道士拜谢，谓众曰：“出家人不解吝惜。我有佳梨，请出供客。”或曰：“既有之，何不自 食？”曰：“我特需此核作种。”于是掬梨大啖，且尽，把核于手，解肩上镵，坎地深数寸，纳之而覆以土。向市人索汤沃灌，好事者于临路店索得沸沈，道士接浸坎上。万目攒视，见有勾萌出，渐大；俄成树，枝叶扶苏；倏而花，倏而实，硕大芳馥，累累满树。道士乃即树头摘赐观者，顷刻向尽。已，乃以镵伐树，丁丁良久方断。带叶荷肩头，从容徐步而去。 初，道士作法时，乡人亦杂立众中，引领注目，竟忘其业。道士既去，始顾车中，则梨已空矣，方悟适所表散，皆己物也。又细视车上一靶亡，是新凿断者。心大愤恨。急迹之，转过墙隅，则断靶弃垣下，始知所伐梨本即是物也，道士不知所在。一市粲然。
|
|
| 译文： |
Pear Planting Pu Songling
A countryman went to the street market to sells pears. The pears are both fragrant and sweet, sohe sold then in dear price. A taoist in shabby turban and ragged robe begged of the countryman.for a pear in front of the trolley . Despite the countryman reproached him, he didn’t go away. Irritated by the taoist, the countryman scolded him. The taoist retorted: “ There are hundreds of pears in your trolley. I just ask for one of them, which can not be conuted as a great loss for you. It doesn’t matter that you are not willing to give me a pear. However, there is no need to lost your temper.” Those by-standers persuaded the countryman to pick a worst pear and send him away. But the countryman was reluctant to do that. A guy in the tavern found the quarrel was so irremediable that he bought a pear with his own money and gifted it to the taoist. Thus the taoist expressed his gratitude to the boy. And then he told those on-lookers: “ A votarist has no idea about parsimony. I have delicious pears and want to share them with all of you.” Somebody said: “ Since you have good pears, why don’t you eat them by yourself ?” Then the taoist continued: “ I need the kernel of a pear to be a seed.” Hence he gobble it up and put the kernel in his hand, then he took the crowbar on his shoulder and digged a pit of several inches. He put the kernel into the pit and covered it with soil. Afterwards, he required the by-standers of boiled water to irrigate the little patch of land. One of revellers hurried to a store on the roseside for a bowl of boiled water. The taoist took it over and irrigated the pit. Under the sight of all the people, the pear tree grew shoots and became larger and larger; All of a sudden, it grew into a tree with exuberant leaves; a moment later, the flower was booming; and then it bore big and fragrant pears that bended each branch . At this time, the taoist picked up pears from the tree and sended it to those on-lookers. And he soon pickes out all of pears. Then he used his crowbar to cut down the tree. It was broken after a long while. Thus he shouldered the tree with leaves and calmly went away. When the taoist began to perform conjuring tricks on the kernel, the countryman was also among the crowd with prolong neck and stared at the taoist, and he forgot the selling. As the taoist went far away, he looked back at his own trolley, only to find all pears disappeared. At this moment, the countryman got to realize that those pears just divided to the on-lookers were his. He checked his trolley carefully again and found one handlebar was missing that was just nowcut off. He became extremely indignant and hastened to chase the taoist. At the turn of a corner, seeing the handlebar was at the foot of the corner. Untill now he got to know that the lying pear tree was just his trolley. However, he didn’t know where the taoist being. This matter has became a laughstick for all residents in the street.
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
自然科学翻译 |
|
| 原文： |
Animal manure
Compost can be made for specific purposes from various animal droppings. In general, it can be said that the part of the plant upon which an animal characteristically feeds, is best fertilised by the manure of that species.
Pig manure is rich in potash, and when well humified, is best applied to root crops, especially potassium-hungry leeks, celeriac and potatoes. Pigs are primarily rooting animals, feeding on roots they dig up.
Horse manure is light and will lighten heavy clay soils. Horses feed primarily on foliage and grass; consequently, their manure aids leaf and foliage development. Horse manure, which is rich in ammonia, will heat steadily for a long time. This makes it ideal for use in hot beds for raising seedlings in the spring. For a home garden, or even a larger garden where no greenhouse is available, this is a good way to start plants.
Cow manure is best for composting purposes, as the nutrients have been stabilised in the long digestive process of the animal.
Rabbit manure, rich in nitrogen, is good for foliage, stem and shrubbery development.
Chicken, pigeon, and other bird manure is good for seeds, flowers and fruits, because their manure is rich in phosphorus. Chicken manure, which is sticky, wet, and odorous, is hard to compost. It is best made into a liquid compost by mixing it into ten parts water and letting it ferment in a barrel (stir regularly for 6-8 weeks).
Sheep and goat manure are excellent for increasing the quality and aroma of fruits and the oil content of herbs.
Human and pet manure need special attention due to potential pathogen. A seperate section will be available soon.
Manure is composted like other substances, with the addition of small amounts of earth, clay, lime, wood ash, rock flours, as well as straw, hay, weeds, or other vegetable matter. For heavier manure, such as cow or pig manure, special care has to be taken to bring air into the compost pile. This can be done by mixing it with straw and other light materials, tossing it with manure forks into a pile so it does not clump as much, or, on farms, setting the manure spreader on "stationary" and running it through onto a pile.
Liquid Manure
Liquid manure, used in the watering of the heavy feeders during the growing season or as compost activators, can be made from a number of substances. These are placed into a barrel of water at a ratio of 10:1 and left to ferment for few of weeks.
Stinging nettle liquid manure is rich in iron needed for the chlorophyll formation of green leaves and helps in the humus buildup of the soil.
Cabbage leaf slurry aids the sulfur metabolism of the soil.
Comfrey and horsetails are rich in various minerals (Ca, K, P, Ma) and vitamins, and make an effective liquid manure.
Chicken and pigeon dung, as well as cow pies can be fermented in water and used for special feeding purposes; the bird slurry for flowers and fruits, the cow manure for aiding root development in general.
Liquid manure, which involves anaerobic fermentation, produces strong odours (sulfur, ammonia and swamp gas smells). To keep the odours at a minimum, it is advisable to stir daily to bring air into the brew and to inoculate with compost starter, or shredded stinging nettle to help guide the fermentation processes. Putting a floating layer of peat moss, chopped straw, or sawdust on the slurry absorbs the fumes. In the summer, the inch-long sluggish, fat rat-tailed maggots of the hovering flies, which feed upon decaying liquid substances, will develop in these potent brews as an indication that the liquid is biologically ready to be used.
Reading the compost
If the compost is balanced the smell should be earthy and sweet, the colour rich brown and full of manure worms.
Too close a C/N ratio at the beginning of composting leads to nitrogen losses. This can be noticed by the smell of ammonia and flies. Turn your pile and add carbon rich material.
Too wide a C/N ratio slows the composting. The lack of sufficient nitrogen coupled with low temperatures and too much moisture will produce an acid, peat-like soil.
The initial heating process of the compost, should reach temperatures of up to 140° to 180° Fahrenheit. Add water to prevent it from drying up. Lack of moisture will develop a musty smell, white mildew, and an unusually large number of pill bugs or sow bugs.
If it is too wet and too compacted, the heap will putrefy, developing strong odours, turning black and slimy, and maggots will appear.
What really happens- the scientific bit
The compost carries out life functions and goes through three distinct stages.
The bacteria-fungus stage
This is part of the overall breakdown cycle. Proteins are broken down by bacteria into amino acids and finally ammonia. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars' organic acids, and carbon dioxide. Other compounds are similarly broken down. The buildup cycle proceeds with fungi, which eagerly ingest the free ammonia and rebuild amino acids in their mycelia. This stage is characterised by the generation of much heat, given off by energy liberated during the metabolism of thermophilic organisms. The bacteria eat their way into the centre of the pile, and are followed immediately by the whitish mycelia of the fungi which absorb the gases given off.
The earthworm stage
The heating reduces, the heat-loving bacteria have formed spores and the fungi have predigested the organic substances for the earthworms and actinomycetes to work on. If stage 1 has not gone completely satisfactorily, with undigested, putrid or dry sections, turn the pile for a brief re-heating. The earthworms now proceed to mix the organic substances (which the fungi have predigested) with small amounts of clay and calcium within their bodies. In doing so, the polymerised carbon-chains are reconstituted in the form of clay-humus complexes, which absorb cations such as calcium, ammonium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and others. There is as yet little understood of the clay-humus molecule. It is more than a simple anion, but also coats itself with phosphates, sulfates and nitrates - in other words, this macromolecule becomes a sponge for nutrients. At this stage the compost can already be used as mulch or as fertiliser for heavy feeders such as cabbages, corn, okra, pumpkins, squashes and melons. At this point of development a number of arthropods, such as centipedes, millipedes and predatory metallic looking carbide beetles start to settle the compost. For young seedlings and for root crops such as carrots, beets, oyster plants or parsnips, it is better to wait for the compost to reach…
The stage of ripeness
It is during this stage that the compost turns into good, crumbly fragrant, humus earth. Nitrates and saltpeter, which are needed by root crops and young sprouting plants are made available by organisms that further oxidise the nitrogen substances. The speed at which the compost reaches maturity depends upon extraneous factors such as climate, the size of the pile and the kind of ingredients. Compost can be made in two weeks under ideal conditions. (Quick-rotting shredded materials, narrow C/N ratio supplied by grass clippings, legumes, manure and amendments such as bird manure, blood meal, and maintenance of the right moisture and air by frequent turning). The product basically only goes to stage 2, before the earthworms enter. It is doubtful that the clay humus molecules that account for creating permanent fertility result from this speeded-up process. Quick composts seem to be symptomatic of our age of instant success and instant gratification. The quick composts make good top dressings, and food for heavy feeders, but like sheet composting, they do not lead to a permanent buildup of fertility. Ripened composts that have taken six months to a year are more stable.
|
|
| 译文： |
牲畜粪
根据具体需要，堆肥可以由各种动物的粪便制成。一般来说，一种动物主要以某些植物为食，而此动物的粪便是那些植物最好的肥料。
• 猪粪含有丰富的钾。猪粪完全腐化后，最适用于根茎作物，尤其是钾饥饿的韭菜、根芹和土豆。因为猪本来就是用鼻拱地的动物，并以其拱出的根芹为食。
• 马粪可以疏松重黏土。马主要以树叶和草为食，因此，马粪有助于树叶和草叶的生长。富含氨的马粪会持久地发热，这使得它非常适用于春季育苗的热苗圃。一个宅园、甚至一个更大的花园里若没有可用的温室，这便是个好的种植方法。
牛粪用于堆肥最合适，因为养分已在动物的长期消化过程中积淀下来。
兔粪富含氮，有利于叶、茎和灌木的生长。
鸡、鸽和其它鸟类粪便有利于种子、花卉和果食的生长，因为它们的粪便含有丰富的磷。
鸡粪粘稠、湿润、又有臭味，很难堆制成肥。在鸡粪中搀入十份水，并让其在桶里发酵（通常搅拌6-8周）。这样，鸡粪最容易制成液体堆肥。
绵羊粪和山羊粪极有利于提高水果的质量、香味、以及草药的含油量。
人类和宠物的粪便需受到特别关注，因为其中含有潜在的病原体，但不久后就可以使用其分解的部分。
像其它物质一样，用少量的泥土、粘土、石灰粉、煤灰、木材和岩石粉、以及秸秆、干草、杂草和其他植物性物质，就可把粪便堆制成肥。对于重肥，像牛粪或猪粪，尤其要注意保持堆肥堆内通气，把稻草和其它疏松的物质混起来就可以了。用肥叉搅拌这些物质，这样堆才不会结块。或者在农场上装置一个“固定”的撒肥机，并使其在堆里运作。
液体肥
液体肥料可以由许多物质制成。液体肥料可用于浇灌生长季节中吸收大量养料的植物，或作为堆肥催化剂。以10:1的比例把那些物质放入一桶水中，并让其发酵几个星期。
刺荨麻液体肥料含有丰富的铁。这种液体肥有利于绿叶中叶绿素的形成，也有利于土壤中腐殖质的形成。
白菜叶浆助于土壤的硫代谢。
紫草科植物和马尾草含有各种丰富的矿物质（钙、钾、磷、镁）和维生素，可制成有效的液体肥料。
鸡粪、鸽粪和牛粪可在水里发酵，并用于特定的供养目的。一般情况下，鸟禽流浆助于花卉和果实的生长，牛粪助于根系发育。
液体肥料通过厌氧发酵，散发出浓烈的气味（硫、氨和沼泽的气味）。若想把气味控制在最低限度，最好每天搅拌，保持酿造物通气，并加入堆肥发酵剂，或用碎荨麻引导发酵过程。在浆的漂浮层上放些泥煤苔、碎秸秆和木屑，使其吸收难闻的气味。夏季，盘旋的苍蝇繁殖出寸长的、行动缓慢的、肥胖的鼠尾蛆。这些鼠尾蛆以腐烂的液体物质为食，会在有效的酿造物中发育。一个迹象表明，生物学上可以使用这种液体。
解读堆肥
如果堆肥均匀，就会散发出芳香的泥土气息、呈现出浓艳的色彩，同时也布满了肥蠕虫。
可以从氨味和苍蝇得知，堆肥初期C / N比例太小会致使氮素流失。所以要搅拌堆肥堆，并添加富含碳物质。
C / N比例太大会减缓堆肥的速度。氮不足、温度低、以及水分过多会形成泥炭似的酸性土壤。
堆肥的初期加热过程中，温度会高达140 至180 华氏度，应加水防止它变干。如果水分不足，堆肥堆会有发霉的气味，滋生白色的霉菌，也会出现奇多的球潮虫和蛜蛾。
如果堆肥堆太湿、太紧密，它就会腐烂，还会发出浓烈的臭气，变得黑黑粘粘的，而且会生蛆。
真正发生的－科学位
堆肥演绎了生命的过程，且经历了三个截然不同的阶段。
细菌真菌阶段
这一阶段是整个塑炼周期的一部分。蛋白质由细菌分解成氨基酸，且最终变成氨。碳水化合物分解成单糖的有机酸和二氧化碳，其它化合物也同样分解了。生成周期随着真菌持续进行，因为真菌急需摄取游离氨，以重新生成菌丝氨基酸。这一阶段有个特点，即产生了很多热量。适温生物在代谢过程中会释放能源，这些热量就通过能源释放而散发。细菌进入堆肥堆的中心，并紧随真菌的白色菌丝体，而这种白色菌丝体可吸收散出的气体。
蚯蚓阶段
由于热量减少，喜热细菌已经形成芽孢，真菌也预先消化了有机物质。因此，蚯蚓和放线菌就可以活动了。如果阶段一不能令人很满意，有未消化的、腐烂的或干燥的部分，就要搅拌堆肥堆，还要稍微加热一下。 现在，蚯蚓开始把有机物质（该真菌预先消化了的）与少量的粘土和机体里的钙混起来。这样，聚合的碳链以粘土腐殖质复合物的形式重组了，并吸收阳离子，如钙、铵、镁、钾、钠等。目前，人们对粘土腐殖质分子了解的还不多。 它不只是个单负离子，而且包含了磷酸盐、硫酸盐和硝酸盐——也就是说，这个高分子变成了有养分的绵状体。这一阶段，堆肥已经可以用作白菜、玉米、黄秋葵、南瓜、和甜瓜等作物的护根或肥料，这类作物需吸收大量养料。在这一发展阶段，一些节肢动物开始进住堆肥堆，如蜈蚣、千足虫、以及与碳化物甲虫类似的食肉昆虫。胡萝卜、甜菜、佛手瓜或欧洲萝卜等一些幼苗和根茎作物最好要施些堆肥...
成熟阶段
正是在这一阶段，堆肥变成良好的、疏松芳香的腐殖质土。根茎作物需要硝酸盐和硝石，有机物生成幼小的发芽植物，促进氧化物氧化。堆肥堆成熟的速度取决于外部因素，如气候、堆的大小和配料的种类。在理想的条件下，堆肥可在两周内制成。（有快速腐烂的细碎物质，剪草、豆类和粪肥提供了较小的碳铵比，以及诸如鸟粪和血粉这类改良土壤的物质，还有适量的水分和空气，这要不断搅拌堆肥才能保持的。）基本上，该生成物在蚯蚓进入之前就转到第2阶段。这个加速过程产生了持久性肥力，粘土腐殖质分子能否解释持久性肥力的产生令人怀疑。快速堆肥似乎象征了这个立即成效和即时满意的阶段。快速堆肥形成了顶肥，这为吸收大量肥料的植物提供了养料。但是像层状堆肥一样，快速堆肥也不会产生持久性肥力。持续六个月至一年的成熟堆肥会比较稳定。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
Give Me the Splendid Silent Sun |
|
| 原文： |
Give Me the Splendid Silent Sun
Whitman
Give me the splendid silent sun with all his beams dazzling.
Give me juicy autumnal fruit ripe and red from the orchard.
Give me a field where the unmowed grass grows.
Give me an arbour, give me the trellized grape…
|
|
| 译文： |
让我拥有壮丽静穆的太阳吧
惠特曼
让我拥有壮丽静穆的太阳和灿烂耀眼的阳光吧。
让我拥有秋季果园中熟透、鲜红又多汁的果实吧
让我拥有一片芳草萋萋的田野吧。
让我拥有一个棚架和满架的葡萄吧…
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
The Gift |
|
| 原文： |
The Gift
Tagore
I want to give you something, my child,
for we are drifting in the stream of the world.
Our lives will be carried apart,
and our love forgotten.
But I am not so foolish as to hope that
I could buy your heart with my gifts.
Young is your life, your path long, and
you drink the love we bring you at one draught
and turn and run away from us.
You have your play and your playmates.
What harm is there if you have no time
or thought for us.
We, indeed, have leisure enough in old age
to count the days that are past,
to cherish in our hearts what our
hands have lost for ever.
The river runs swift with a song,
breaking through all barriers.
But the mountain stays and remembers,
and follows her with his love.
|
|
| 译文： |
礼物
泰戈尔
我要送点东西给你，孩子，
因为我们都在世界的洪流里漂泊
我们将会各奔一方，
我们的爱会被遗忘。
可是我不会傻的以为
我用礼物就能换到你的心。
你还年轻，今后的路还长，
你却一口饮尽了我们对你的爱，
然后转身就离开了我们。
你有你的事业和朋友。
若是你没有空闲，那会对我们造成多大的伤害，
否则你会想起我们。
我们老年人的确闲得足以
计算逝去的日子，
且把从我们手中永远溜走/遗失的一切
珍藏在心底。
河水哗哗地奔流着，
冲破了一切障碍。
然而山脉却驻足不前、留恋往事，
让自己的爱与河流相伴。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
Dream |
|
| 原文： |
Dream
Langston Hughes
Hold fast to dreams
For if dreams die
Life is a broken-winged bird
That cannot fly.
Hold fast to dreams
For when dreams go
Life is a barren field
Frozen with snow.
|
|
| 译文： |
梦想
兰斯顿•休斯
对梦想坚持不懈
如果没有梦想
生活就像一只翅膀受伤的鸟儿
不能飞翔
对梦想坚持不懈
如果放弃梦想
生活就像一片贫瘠荒芜的原野
冰雪茫茫
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
Schooling abd Education |
|
| 原文： |
Schooling abd Education
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling abd education implied by this remark is imporment.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to people debating politicals on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist, whereas schooling has a certain predicalbility, education quite often products surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout the country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assighed seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundary of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities, or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. Those are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
|
|
| 译文： |
学校教育与社会教育
在美国，人们通常认为学校是接受教育的地方。不过， 如今也有人认为孩子们因上学而中断了教育。这种观念暗含了学校教育与社会教育的区别是很重要。
学校教育比社会教育的时间更久、范围更广。教育无界限。教育可以在任何地方进行，如浴室里、工作室里、厨房里或拖拉机上都行。教育包括学校的正式教育和世界上所有的非正式教育，涉及面很广，从德高望重的老者到广播里谈论政治的人们，以及从一个孩子到一个杰出的科学家，他们都可以被看作是教育者。然而，学校教育具有一定的预期目标，可是社会教育往往会带来惊人的效果。与陌生人的一次偶谈会使你认识到自己对其它宗教知之甚少。人们自幼时就开始接受社会教育。社会教育是个广义的、宽泛的概念。一方面，它是一个终身学习的过程，且在上学之前就已开始， 这也是人生的一个重要组成部分；另一方面，学校教育是一个特定的正式化过程。不同背景环境下的教育基本模式大同小异。全国各地的孩子到学校的时间都差不多，他们坐固定的座位，听老师讲课，使用大致相同的教科书，做家庭作业，考试等等。他们得学习现实的各个方面，不管是字母表，或是政府工作的运行，但往往会受到课程的限制。比如说，高中生知道他们不太可能在课堂上得知社团内相关政治问题的真相。他们也不清楚最新潮的导演在尝试什么。这些就是学校教育正式化过程中的一些具体情况。
|
|
|
| 案例标题： |
济南的冬天 |
|
| 原文： |
济南的冬天
对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大风，便是奇迹；济南的冬天是没有风声的。对于一个刚有伦敦回来的人，像我，冬天要是能看得见日光，便是怪事；济南的冬天是响晴的。自然，在热带的地方，日光是永远那么毒，响亮的天气反有点叫人害怕。可是，在北中国的冬天，而能有温情的天气，济南真得算个宝地。
设若单单是有阳光，那也算不了出奇。请闭上眼睛想：一个老城，有山有水，全在蓝天底，下，很暖和安适的睡着，只等春风来吧它们唤醒，这是不是个理想的境界？
小山整把济南围了个圈儿，只有北边缺着点口儿。这一圈小山在冬天特别可爱，好像是把济南放在一个小摇篮里，它们全安静不动的低声的说: “你们放心吧，这儿准保暖和。”真的，济南的人们在冬天是面上含笑的。他们一看那些小山，心中便觉得有了着落，有了依靠。他们由天上看到山上便不觉的想起：“明天也许就是春天了吧？这样的温暖，今天夜里山草也许就绿起来了吧？”就是这点幻想不能一时实现，他们也并不着急，因为有这样慈善的冬天，干啥还希望别的呢！
最妙的是下点小雪呀。看罢，山上的矮松越发的青黑，，树尖上顶着一髻儿白花，好像小日本看护妇。山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。山坡上，有的地方雪厚点，有的地方草色还露着；这样，一道儿白，一道儿暗黄，给山们穿上一件带水纹的花衣；看着看着，这件花衣好像被风儿吹动，叫你希望看见一点更美的山的肌肤。等到快日落的时候，微黄的阳光斜射在山腰上，那点薄雪好像突然害了羞，微微露点粉色。就是下小雪吧，济南是受不住大雪的，那些小山太秀气！
古老的济南，城内那么狭窄，城外有那么宽敞，山坡上卧着些小村庄，小村庄的房顶上卧着点雪，对，这是张小水墨画，或者是唐代的名手画的吧。
那水呢，不但不结冰，反倒在绿藻上冒着点热气。水藻真绿，把终年贮藏的绿色全拿出来了。天儿越情，水藻越绿，就凭这些绿的精神，水也不忍得冻上；况且那长枝的垂柳还要在水里照个影儿呢！看罢，有澄清的河水慢慢往上看罢，空中、半空中、天上，自上而下全是那么清亮，那么蓝汪汪的，整个是块空灵的蓝水晶。这块水晶里，包着红屋顶，黄草山，像地毯上的小团花的小黑色树影；这就是济南的冬天。
|
|
| 译文： |
The Winter in Jinan
As for me, I am used to living in Beiping. It will be miraculous that there is not strong wind in winter.Yet we can’t hear the sound of the wind in jinan in winter.As for me ,I presently come back from London. It will be strange to see the sunshine.Naturally, the tropical places where the sunshine is always so poisonous that people there are afraid of sunny days. However,it’s a treasure place where it’s sunny in winter in north of China. Thus we can say Jinan is one of the treasure places.
It’s not surprising that Jinan is only full of sunshine in winter. Please close your eyes and think: An ancient city with hills and rivers sleeps cozily (warmly and comfortablely) under the blue sky, waiting the spring wind to awaken it. Is it an ideal state?
The hills encircle Jinan and just leave an openning in the north of Jinan. In winter, the circle of the hills is especially lovable. It seems that they put Jinan in a small cradle and speak quitely with low sound: “I assure you that it is warm here”. Factually, people of Jinan have smiling faces in winter. As they look at those hills, they will feel safe and dependable.From the sky to the hills, they look at things and subconsciously remind that: “Perhaps tomorrow is spring? It’s so warm that grass will turn green tonight ? ” Even though their imagination can’t come true at present, they won’t get into a bother. Because the winter is so charitable. Why do they desire anything else?
Falling a little snow is the most subtle thing. We can see that the short pine trees on the hills become more greenish black. A small amount of white flowers, on the tip of the trees seem, like Japenese women who are good at keeping things. The top of hills is filled with white snow that make the blue sky edged with silver. On the hillside, there is thick snow in some places,while grass is still barefaced in other places.Thereupon, a strip of white and a strip of dark yellow wear a flowery clothes with water grain for the hills. When you stare at the hills for a while, you will find that the wind is blowing the flowery clothes. And you can see more beautiful skin of the hills. By the time when the sun is ready to set, light yellow sunshine slants on the hillside. The slight snow suddenly seems to be timid and shows a little bit pink. Jinan, those hills are too delicate to bear a large amount of snow, but not a small amount of snow.
The space inside the ancient city Jinan is quite narrow, but outside is fairly spacious. Some small villages stand on the hillside. A little snow lies on the roofs of the villages. Actually, this is an inkwash painting which is probably painted by a famous painter of Tang dynasty.
The water is steaming on the green algae instead of freezing. The algae is extremely green, taking out all the green stored all the year around. The finer the weather, the greener the algae will be. On account of the green spirit, the water can’t bear to freeze. Moreover, the weeping willows with long branches will look at themselves in the water. Look! start from the limpid water, and then you look upside slowly, at the air, at the half of air,and finally at the sky. From top to bottom, everything is particularly clear and blue. The whole space is an empty sapphire. Including red roofs and yellow grass hills, the sapphire likes the small grey shade few flowers on the carpet. This is the very Jinan in winter.
|
|
|
|
|
